Alocasia Plant Care Guide

Alocasia — Noun
Alocasia is a genus of tropical Asian herbs with basal, long, showy leaves with petioles, a glaucous boat-shaped spathe, and reddish berries. They are native to tropical and subtropical regions of Asia and Eastern Australia.

Pronounced: Ah — Low — Kay — She — Ah

Genus: Alocasia is a genus of almost 100 recognised species in the Araceae (Aroid) family, exhibiting a variety of colours, patterns, and sizes.

First Use: The first known use of the word 'Alocasia' was in the 1950s.

Name Meaning: 'Alocasia' comes from the Greek ‘a’ which means 'without' and the word ‘locasia,’ which means 'lotus root'. The specific epithet is derived from the Latin words longus meaning ‘long’ and lobus meaning ‘a rounded projection or protuberance’ in reference to the lobes.

Otherwise known as:

• Elephant Ears

• Giant Taro

Overview: Alocasia plants are not ideal houseplants for beginners, as they can be tricky to care for. Elephant Ears have exacting care requirements and need lots of attention. They're very dramatic, wilting like a drama queen when low on water, and fainting at the first sign of pests. If you're new to houseplants, it might be best to start with a few easy-care species before advancing to Alocasia.

Alocasia sanderiana 'Nobilis'

Figures

Ultimate height
1.5–4 metres indoors

Ultimate spread
1.5–2.5 metres

Time to ultimate height
10–20 years

Alocasia lifespan
50+ years. In the wild, Ficus can reach over 100 years old.

Alocasia Leaf Size

Robusta variety gets 12ft (3.66 m) leaves in the wild

Alocasia Plant Facts & Figures

In The Pot

Soil
Sand
Loam
Chalk

Moisture
Well–draining soil

pH
Acid, Alkaline, Neutral

Out Of The Pot

Windows
Partial shade — avoid direct sunlight. East, north or west windows. Some varieties like full sun, including Alocasia amazonica 'Polly', Alocasia zebrina 'Elephant Ears Tiger', Alocasia reginula, and Alocasia infernalis 'Black Magic'.

Exposure
Sheltered

Hardiness
Must be kept under glass or indoors all year round. Alocasia do not like to be cold, and do not survive frosts.

Temperature Tolerance: 15 °C (59 °F) – 29 °C (84.2 °F)

Facts

Family
Araceae

Native to GB / Ireland
No — Native to Asia & Australia

Foliage & Habit
Evergreen. Clump forming.

Safety
Like other Araceae, sap contains calcium oxalate crystals. Poisonous, causes skin & eye irritation. Keep away from cats and dogs.

How To Safely Handle Poisonous Alocasia Plants

Alocasia plants are toxic, but they generally cause milder symptoms compared to other Araceae. Ingestion can result in a burning sensation in the mouth and throat, difficulty swallowing, and swelling. Contact with the sap can lead to skin irritation and itching. Wear gloves when handling, wash your hands after touching sap. Pets, particularly cats and dogs, may experience drooling, vomiting, and difficulty swallowing if they chew on the leaves or stems. Educate family members so that they know not to touch them and what will happen if they do.

Alocasia 'Silver Dragon'

Alocasia 'Black Velvet'

Alocasia Lighting Requirements

Alocasia plants are prized worldwide for their striking foliage and relatively simple care requirements. Providing the right lighting conditions is essential for maintaining a healthy Alocasia. Here's a comprehensive guide to help your Alocasia thrive by providing the ideal lighting:

Alocasia Lighting Needs

Alocasia plants flourish in moderate to bright indirect light, making them perfect for spaces with ample natural light. They're particularly well-suited for living areas and offices. If you notice changes in leaf colour or pattern, it might indicate insufficient lighting. Increase light exposure and monitor new growth for improvements.

Best Light Conditions for Alocasia Plants

• Alocasia Plants Love Bright, Indirect Sunlight: Alocasia plants thrive best in bright, indirect light. Position them near a window where they can receive plenty of indirect sunlight. While some may tolerate direct sunlight for short periods, prolonged exposure can cause leaf burn. Avoid placing them in harsh, direct sunlight.

• Alocasia Low Light Tolerance: Although Alocasia plants prefer bright indirect light, some varieties can tolerate lower light conditions. They may not grow as vigorously in low light, but they will survive and continue to enhance your space. If your Alocasia's leaves lose their vibrancy, try moving it to a brighter spot.

• Artificial Light for Alocasia Plants: In spaces with limited natural light, Alocasia plants can also thrive under fluorescent lighting or LED grow lights. This makes them ideal for offices or rooms without windows. Ensure they receive about 12–14 hours of artificial light daily to replicate their natural growth conditions. If leaf colour fades, move your plant closer to the light source or increase lighting intensity.

Keeping Alocasia in Bright, Direct Sunlight Windows

Alocasia plants, while typically preferring bright, indirect light, have a few varieties that can tolerate and even thrive in full sun conditions. These sun-loving Alocasia varieties benefit from the intense light, which helps them maintain vibrant, colourful foliage and robust growth. Always monitor these plants for any signs of leaf burn or stress and adjust their positioning if necessary to ensure they remain healthy and beautiful.

List of Alocasia Varieties That Thrive in Full Sun:

1. 1. Alocasia amazonica 'Polly'.

2. 2. Alocasia zebrina 'Elephant Ears Tiger'.

3. 3. Alocasia reginula.

4. 4. Alocasia infernalis 'Black Magic'.

Signs of Improper Lighting for Alocasia Plants

• Alocasia Has Yellowing Leaves: Yellow leaves may indicate too much direct sunlight. Move the plant to an area with less intense light or adjust artificial lighting.

• Alocasia Has Leggy Growth: If stems are stretching and the plant appears sparse, it may not be receiving enough light. Move the plant to a brighter location or add additional lighting. Pruning may also be necessary; refer to our Alocasia pruning guide before trimming, as Alocasia sap can be irritating.

• Alocasia Has Faded Variegation: Inadequate light can cause Alocasia plants to lose their vibrant variegation. Increasing light exposure can help restore their striking appearance.

• Alocasia Slow Growth: While Alocasia plants can survive in lower light, they do not thrive, and growth may slow down. Try moving your plant to a brighter window or add LED lighting.

Adjusting Alocasia Lighting for Seasonal Changes

As seasons change, so does the intensity and duration of natural sunlight. During winter months, when sunlight levels are lower, you may need to move your Alocasia closer to a light source or add supplemental lighting.

Alocasia 'Silver Dragon'

Alocasia 'Polly'

How Often To Water Alocasia

Alocasia plants require careful attention to their watering needs due to their extensive root system, and high rate of root rot. Always let your Alocasia dry out between watering, but beware, they don't like to be dry for too long. Being dry can cause them just as much damage as being wet, just in different ways. Staying wet for too long causes root rot, whilst being too dry may cause them to throw off leaves so they can recycle the water for new growth. Here’s a comprehensive guide to help your Alocasia thrive by providing the ideal watering regimen:

How Often to Water Alocasia Plants

Spring and Summer: During the growing season, water your Alocasia when the top 1 inch (2.54 cm) of soil feels dry. This generally means watering every 5–10 days, although it can vary based on your home's humidity and temperature. Mature Alocasia plants may need watering more often, sometimes twice a week, depending on soil dryness. Always let them fully dry out in-between watering, as Alocasias are very susceptible to root rot.

Autumn and Winter: In cooler months, Alocasia plants experience slower growth and require less frequent watering. Check soil moisture every 7–14 days, watering only when the top 2 inches (5.08 cm) of soil feels completely dry. Always make sure they get extra dry in the winter, as this is when Alocasias are most susceptible to root rot.

Alocasia Watering Tips

• Check the Soil: Always check soil moisture before watering. Stick your finger about an inch into the soil; if it feels dry, it's time to water. A moisture meter can also help monitor soil moisture levels.

• Use Dechlorinated Water: Ensure your water is free of harmful chemicals by using a plant dechlorinator.

• Room Temperature Water: Use water that has reached room temperature to avoid shocking the plant's roots.

• Water Thoroughly: Water thoroughly until water drains out of the bottom of the pot. This ensures the entire root system is hydrated. Avoid leaving the plant sitting in excess water for more than 24 hours — check the saucer the day after watering and empty any remaining water.

• Avoid Overwatering: Let the soil dry out thoroughly between watering to prevent root rot. Alocasia plants are more tolerant of under-watering than overwatering, although, they also have a strop about being too dry. Easy, huh?

Signs of Watering Issues in Alocasia Plants

• Yellowing Leaves: This can indicate overwatering or poor drainage. Ensure your pot has drainage holes, use a size 4-6 wood drill bit to add more drainage. Allow the soil to dry out slightly between watering. If your soil isn't airy and chunky, consider changing it.

• Wilting or Drooping: These may suggest under-watering. Check soil moisture and adjust your watering schedule as needed.

• Brown Leaf Tips: This can result from low humidity or inconsistent watering. Increase humidity around the plant and ensure a consistent watering routine.

• Brown Mushy Roots: This could be a sign of root rot, usually caused by overwatering. Trim slimy roots and repot your Alocasia in well-draining, chunky soil.

• Soil Drying Out Quickly: Mature Alocasia plants may become pot-bound, reducing the plant's floor space. While this method works to control size, the soil will need more frequent watering and feeding to compensate.

Alocasia 'Tiny Dancer'

Alocasia micholitziana 'Frydek'

Alocasia Humidity

Alocasia plants flourish in environments with a humidity level of around 60-70%, closely resembling their natural tropical habitat. Proper humidity ensures their foliage remains lush and vibrant, preventing common issues like brown leaf tips, often caused by dry air.

Tips to Increase Alocasia Humidity

Misting: Lightly misting your Alocasia with water can elevate the humidity around the plant. Use a spray bottle to mist the leaves, particularly during dry months or in low-humidity regions. It’s best to mist in the evening to allow the leaves time to dry overnight, preventing bacterial or fungal diseases from developing on the leaves.

Humidity Trays or Bowls: Placing bowls of water near the Alocasia can enhance the humidity around the plant. Alternatively, create a humidity tray by placing a layer of pebbles in a shallow tray and filling it with water. Position the Alocasia's pot on top of the pebbles, ensuring the pot is above the water line. As the water evaporates, it will increase the humidity around the plant.

Humidifiers: Using an electric humidifier is an effective way to maintain consistent humidity levels. Place a humidifier near your Alocasia to keep the air moist and comfortable. Monitor the humidity to ensure it doesn't get too high. A humidity meter can help with this if your humidifier lacks a built-in sensor.

Grouping Plants: Arranging multiple plants together can create a microclimate with elevated humidity. The natural transpiration from the plants' leaves will help humidify the surrounding air.

Alocasia Problems

Avoid Drafts: Keep your Alocasia away from drafts and direct air from heating or cooling vents, as these can dry out the air and reduce humidity levels around the plant, undermining your efforts to maintain adequate humidity.

Alocasia micholitziana 'Frydek Variegata'

Alocasia cuprea 'Black Secret'

The Right Temperature For Alocasia

Indoor Alocasia plants flourish in warm environments, but they thrive best with stable conditions. Maintaining the ideal indoor temperature is vital for their health and growth. Here’s how to create the perfect temperature settings for Alocasia plants:

Optimal Temperature Range for Alocasia Plants

Alocasia plants thrive in temperatures ranging from 15 °C (59 °F) – 29 °C (84.2 °F). This range closely mimics their natural tropical habitat, promoting vibrant foliage and healthy growth.

Avoiding Temperature Extremes

Alocasia plants are sensitive to temperature fluctuations. Avoid exposing them to temperatures below 15 °C (59 °F), as this can cause stress and potential damage. Also, keep them away from heat sources like radiators or heaters, which can dry out the air and overheat the plant.

Monitoring Temperatures

Using a 24-hour thermometer to track temperature levels is highly recommended. These thermometers have built-in memory to store average humidity and temperatures over a 24-hour period, providing a comprehensive overview of your indoor environment.

Need for Stable Environments

Consistency is crucial for maximizing the potential of Alocasia plants. Keep the temperature as stable as possible, avoiding draughty windows, doors, and sudden changes in temperature.

Seasonal Adjustments

In colder months, ensure your Alocasia is not near cold drafts or windows. During warmer periods, provide adequate ventilation to prevent overheating, but avoid placing the plant near air conditioning unit exhausts.

Signs of Temperature Stress

Exposure to temperatures outside the ideal range may cause signs of stress such as yellowing leaves, drooping, or slowed growth in your Alocasia plant. Adjust the temperature conditions to help the plant recover and thrive once again.

Alocasia 'Polly'

Alocasia 'Polly'

Repotting & Substrate
DIY Soil Mix For Alocasia Plants

Ensuring your Alocasia plant thrives begins with providing the right type of soil. The key to healthy growth lies in the substrate you use. We recommend eco-friendly, peat-free options to support sustainability.

The Best Soil Type for Alocasia Plants

Soil vs. Soilless Mix for Alocasia Plants: Using a soilless mix can simplify the care of Alocasia plants, as compost often harbours pests. Coco coir is an excellent alternative, offering antifungal properties that prevent root rot and being inert, making it unfriendly to pests.

Commercial Soil & Choosing a Well-Draining Alocasia Mix: For pre-mixed commercial soils, select those that are well-draining to prevent root rot. Like many tropical plants, Alocasia thrives in a chunky, airy soil. If you can't find a suitable commercial mix, try our DIY soil recipes.

DIY Soil Mix Recipes for Alocasia Plants

Basic Alocasia DIY Soil Mix Recipe: Combine 1 litre of coco coir, 1 litre of compost, 1 litre of perlite, and 1 litre of orchid bark. Adjust quantities as needed to fill your pot.

Advanced Alocasia DIY Soil Mix Recipe: Our preferred mix includes 4 litres of coco coir, 4 litres of perlite, 4 litres of orchid bark, 2 litres of sand, and 1 litre of worm castings. Optionally, add 1 litre each of activated charcoal and unscented zeolite.

Sourcing Alocasia Soil Mix Ingredients: If you can't source these locally or prefer online shopping, you can purchase components online: Small Coco Coir Pack, Bulk Coco Coir Pack, Orchid Bark, Pumice, Horticultural Sand, Horticultural Grit, Worm Castings, Perlite, Lecca Balls, Activated Charcoal, Zeolite.

Essential Alocasia Soil Properties

Rich in Organic Matter: A soil mix enriched with organic matter supplies essential nutrients. Adding worm castings to your potting mix is an excellent way to introduce organic matter. Alternatively, add compost or use a plant food like Ionic Formulex weekly to supplement nutrients.

Neutral pH: Aim for a soil pH between 6.0 and 6.5. The ingredients in our DIY recipes should provide a neutral pH. If purchasing pre-mixed soil, check the bag for pH information.

Preparing to Pot Up Your Alocasia Plants

Inspect the Root Ball: Examine your plant's root ball. If there are no visible roots at the edge, repotting may not be necessary. Trim soggy, brown roots to prevent root rot and consider a smaller pot.

Choose the Right Size Pot: Select a pot with drainage holes to avoid water accumulation. Use a pot no more than 1 inch (2.54 cm) larger than the root ball. Use a size 4-6 wood drill bit to create extra holes in plastic pots where needed.

Prepare the Alocasia Soil Mix: Mix your DIY soil in a bucket or large container. For commercial substrates, open your soil bag to get ready for potting.

Alocasia Plant Potting Process

Prepare the Pot: Add a small amount of soil at the pot's bottom.

Prepare the Alocasia Plant: Carefully remove the plant from its current pot, being mindful of the root ball. Place the Alocasia in the new pot on top of the soil.

Fill Around the Roots: Add soil mix around the roots, leaving at least 1 inch (2.54 cm) of space at the top. Press the soil gently to remove air pockets, but avoid over-compacting.

Water: Water thoroughly until excess drains out. Let the pot drain for 10 minutes and dispose of any leftover water. If drainage is insufficient, consider drilling extra holes with a size 4-6 wood drill bit.

Alocasia 'Black Velvet'

Alocasia 'Green Velvet'

The Right Fertilizer For Alocasia Plants & How Often To Feed Them

Regular care is crucial for houseplants, including Alocasia plants. Without proper attention and nutrients, their growth may slow or halt. Providing the right plant food is essential to ensure your Alocasia remains healthy, with vibrant leaves and strong growth. Think of plant food as a vitamin boost, supplementing their regular watering routine. Here are effective options for fertilizing your Alocasia:

Balanced Liquid Fertilizer for Alocasia Plants

A balanced, water-soluble fertilizer with equal ratios of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, such as 20-20-20 or 10-10-10, is ideal for Alocasia plants. This mix provides essential nutrients to support overall plant health. We recommend using Formulex Fertilizer for both young and mature Alocasia plants.

Slow-Release Fertilizer for Alocasia Plants

For a low-maintenance option, consider a slow-release granular fertilizer. Mix the granules into the soil, and they will gradually release nutrients, allowing the plant to absorb them over time.

Organic Fertilizer for Alocasia Plants

Organic fertilizers, such as seaweed extract or biochar, are also beneficial for Alocasia plants. These natural options are gentler than synthetic additives, while still providing essential micronutrients and macronutrients for healthy growth.

Biofertilizers for Alocasia Plants

Biofertilizers containing microorganisms like seaweed can enhance soil fertility and promote plant growth. These natural solutions are especially useful during stressful periods like repotting or relocating plants. However, they should be used alongside other fertilizers for a complete nutrient profile.

Feeding Schedule for Alocasia Plants

Spring and Summer: During the active growth season, feed Alocasia plants every 4–6 weeks with a balanced, water-soluble fertilizer. This promotes vigorous new growth.
Autumn and Winter: In colder months, Alocasia plants require less food. Reduce feeding to every 8–10 weeks, dilute the fertilizer by 50%, or pause feeding altogether to maintain balance.

Alocasia Baginda 'Dragon Scale'

Alocasia Baginda 'Dragon Scale'

How To Prune Alocasia

Pruning is essential for maintaining the health, growth, and appearance of Alocasia plants. Here's a comprehensive guide to help you prune your Alocasia properly:

Benefits of Pruning Alocasia Plants

Pruning helps keep Alocasia plants in shape, promoting robust growth. Removing dead, yellowing, or damaged leaves can also prevent disease and pest infestations. Regular pruning ensures your Alocasia remains lush and attractive.

Optimal Pruning Time

Prune your Alocasia as needed throughout the year, but the best time for significant pruning is during the spring and summer growing seasons. During these periods, the plant is most active and can recover quickly. If you must prune in winter, ensure the plant is kept in a warm, well-lit area.

Handling Latex Sap

Alocasia plants produce a milky sap known as latex, which helps seal wounds but can cause skin irritation. This sap may lead to redness and itching in humans and is toxic to pets if ingested, causing gastrointestinal issues. Always wear gloves when pruning and clean tools thoroughly to minimize risks.

Pruning Alocasia Plants

Pruning Tools: Use clean, sharp pruning shears. Disinfect them before and after use with rubbing alcohol or a diluted bleach solution to prevent the spread of disease. Wipe the blades between each cut to avoid spreading bacteria or fungus.

Identifying Damaged Leaves: Look for leaves that are yellowing, browning, or damaged. Removing these helps keep the plant healthy and directs its energy to new growth.

Cutting Close to the Base: Make cuts close to the base of the stem to avoid unsightly stubs. Clean your pruning shears between each cut to prevent the spread of disease.

Trimming Leggy Growth: If your Alocasia has long stems and sparse leaves, trim back the stems to encourage bushier growth. Cut just above where the leaf joins the stem.

Shaping the Plant: Pruning is crucial to maintain the desired shape and size of your Alocasia. If it has grown too large for your space, selectively remove larger leaves or stems to keep it compact.

Aftercare for Pruned Alocasia

After pruning, provide your Alocasia with optimal care to help it recover:

• Watering: Water thoroughly after pruning to encourage new growth.

• Lighting: Ensure your Alocasia is in a spot with bright, indirect light.

• Feeding: Consider feeding with a balanced, water-soluble fertilizer to give it a boost after pruning.

Common Pruning Mistakes to Avoid

• Over-Pruning: Avoid cutting back more than one-third of the plant’s foliage at once. This can stress the plant and cause long-term stunted growth.

• Leaving Stubs: Make clean cuts close to the base to avoid long stubs.

• Neglecting to Disinfect Tools: Always disinfect your pruning tools to prevent the spread of pathogens.

By following these guidelines, your Alocasia will thrive and remain a beautiful addition to your home.

Alocasia longilobia

Alocasia sanderiana

Propagating Alocasia

Propagating Alocasia plants can seem daunting, but using division or stem cuttings can yield high success rates. Here’s how to propagate your Alocasia effectively:

Propagating Alocasia Plants via Division

Propagation by division is ideal for Alocasia plants with multiple plants in one pot. This method is often used to separate plants that have outgrown their container or produced offshoots. Dividing the plant’s root clump allows you to create new plants.

Division Propagation Method:

1. Prepare Your Tools: Gather a clean, sharp knife or pruning shears, and several small pots with well-draining soil.

2. Remove the Plant: Gently take the Alocasia out of its pot, being careful not to damage the roots.

3. Divide the Plant: Identify natural divisions in the root clump. Use your knife or shears to carefully separate these sections, ensuring each has at least one active stem and a healthy root system.

4. Pot the Divisions: Place each division into a small pot with prepared soil. Water them thoroughly.

5. Care for the New Plants: Position the new pots in a bright, indirect light location. Keep the soil moist but not waterlogged until the plants establish.

Propagating Alocasia Plants via Stem Cuttings

Using stem cuttings to propagate Alocasia requires patience, but results in a bushier mother plant and new young plants.

Stem Cutting Propagation Method:

1. Prepare Your Tools: Have a clean, sharp knife or pruning shears, and small pots with well-draining soil ready.

2. Select a Healthy Stem: Choose a stem with at least two to three leaves for quicker establishment.

3. Cut the Stem: Make a clean cut just below a node with your knife or pruners.

4. Prepare the Cutting: Remove the lower leaves, leaving at least one or two at the top.

5. Optional Rooting Hormone: Dip the cut end in rooting hormone to encourage root development.

6. Plant the Cutting: Place the cutting in a pot with well-draining soil or in water until roots develop. Transfer to soil once secondary roots appear.

7. Provide the Right Conditions: Keep the cutting in bright, indirect light and high humidity. Use a clear plastic bag to create a humid environment if necessary.

8. Watering: Keep the soil moist but not waterlogged. If rooting in water, change half the water weekly. We don't recommend changing all of it every few days as some sources suggest, as this empties out the rooting hormone the plant made. This causes the plant to have to re-produce the missing rooting hormone, diverting the plant's energy away from root development, slowing down growth.

Tips for Successful Alocasia Propagation

• Clean Tools: Use clean, sharp tools to prevent disease. Disinfect shears between cuts.

• Humidity: High humidity aids rooting. Use a humidity tray or mist cuttings regularly.

• Lighting: Bright, indirect light helps cuttings to establish faster.

• Changing Cutting Water: We don't change our cutting water every few days as some people recommend, as this dumps out the rooting hormone the plant has produces. This causes the cutting to re-produce the missing rooting hormone, diverting the plant's energy away from root development, which slows down growth.

• Patience: Allow time for root development. Leave more leaves on cuttings to speed up establishment.

Alocasia 'Polly'

Alocasia corazon

Alocasia Pests & Problems

Even with a top-notch care routine, plant keepers sometimes face pests and common houseplant issues. Ensuring your Alocasia thrives involves tackling these challenges effectively. Here's how to manage pests and common problems in your Alocasia:

Common Pest Species for Alocasia Plants

Spider Mites: These pests spin webs at the base of stems and leaves, draining the plant's vitality. They have a 2-4 week life cycle and can be identified by delicate webs on the lower parts of your Alocasia.

Aphids: These frequent invaders often come from gardens or through windows. Their 30-day life cycle and eggs hidden within the plant structure make them tough to eliminate. Use a systemic pesticide over a 4-week period for effective treatment.

Mealy Bugs: These pests hide in leaf joints and appear as tiny, fluffy white bugs. They are difficult to eradicate, with a life cycle of 4–7 weeks. Regular treatment and substrate changes can help manage infestations.

Scale Insects: Hard-shelled pests that require careful management. Gently scrape them off with a soft brush and spray the plant with a DIY pesticide solution.

DIY Pesticide vs. Shop-Bought Pesticide for Alocasia Plants

Natural Leaf Wipe: Use undiluted pure neem oil to wipe Alocasia leaves, giving them a gentle shine and deterring pests. This is an effective preventative measure.

Instant Pest Removal: Spot-treat pests with a cotton swab dipped in rubbing alcohol. Remove remaining pests and submerge them in alcohol.

Homemade DIY Pesticide: Mix 1 teaspoon of neem oil, 1/2 teaspoon of insecticidal soap, and 1 litre of water. Spray the entire plant every few days until pests are gone. Apply weekly for at least 5 weeks to cover the pest life cycle.

Premixed Natural Pesticide: Use products like SB Plant Invigorator, following the bottle directions to avoid leaf burn from overuse.

Chemical Pesticide: A systemic pesticide like Acetamiprid concentrate offers a 4-week treatment window. Trim new growth if it shows distortion after treatment. Currently, this is the only systemic pesticide available in the UK, and some European countries. In the US, there are several brands available, one of the most highly recommended treatments is called 'Bonide Captain Jack's Deadbug Brew'. This brand is sometimes available on eBay in the UK, depending on availability.

Diagnosing and Fixing Common Problems in Alocasia Plants

Yellowing Leaves: Overwatering often causes yellow leaves. Allow the soil to dry out and reduce watering frequency. Ensure the pot has good drainage and consider switching to a well-draining mix. If your plastic pot isn't draining enough, you can drill extra drainage holes using a size 4-6 wood drill bit.

Brown Leaf Tips: Low humidity typically causes browning, however, it could occasionally be caused by under watering. If you have checked your soil moisture levels are adequate, try increasing humidity levels and mist leaves cautiously at night to prevent fungal issues.

Root Rot: Black and mushy roots indicate root rot from overwatering. Trim affected roots and repot in fresh, well-draining soil.

Leaf Drop: Environmental stress, overwatering, inadequate water, light changes, and pests can cause Alocasias to drop their leaves. Ensure stable conditions and proper Alocasia plant care to prevent this issue.

Fungal Spots: Overwatering, high humidity, or poor air circulation can cause black or brown fungal spots. Improve airflow, avoid wetting leaves, and trim affected foliage. Apply a houseplant fungicide as needed.

Curling Leaves: Low humidity, pests, or sudden temperature changes can cause leaf curling. Adjust conditions to prevent this issue.

Stunted Growth: Inadequate light, poor soil quality, or nutrient deficiencies can stunt growth. Ensure proper plant care routines are followed, as Alocasias are particularly susceptible to issues when their care needs aren't met. Don't forget to feed your Alocasia regularly.

Alocasia odora

Alocasia cucullata

24 Popular Alocasia Varieties

• Alocasia Amazonica 'Polly'

  Alocasia 'amazonica'

  Colour: Dark green leaves with prominent white veins

  Unique Features: Glossy, arrow-shaped leaves with striking veins

  Origin: Southeast Asia, as a hybrid variety

• Alocasia Zebrina

  Alocasia 'zebrina'

  Colour: Green leaves with dark green, zebra-like patterns

  Unique Features: Distinctive leaf markings resembling a zebra pattern

  Origin: Southeast Asia

• Alocasia 'Black Velvet'

  Alocasia 'reginula'

  Colour: Dark green, velvety leaves with white veins

  Unique Features: Soft, fuzzy leaves with a luxurious texture

  Origin: Cultivated variety

• Alocasia Silver Dragon

  Alocasia 'baginda'

  Colour: Silver-green leaves with dark green veins

  Unique Features: Heart-shaped leaves with a metallic sheen

  Origin: Southeast Asia

• Alocasia 'Dragon Scale'

  Alocasia 'baginda'

  Colour: Green leaves with dark green, scale-like patterns

  Unique Features: Unique leaf texture resembling dragon scales

  Origin: Cultivated variety

• Alocasia Cuprea 'Red Secret'

  Alocasia 'cuprea'

  Colour: Green leaves with reddish undertones

  Unique Features: Metallic, coppery foliage

  Origin: Cultivated variety

• Alocasia Cucullata 'Hooded Dwarf'

  Alocasia 'cucullata'

  Colour: Green leaves with dark green veins

  Unique Features: Small, compact growth habit

  Origin: Southeast Asia

• Alocasia Micholitziana 'Frydek'

  Alocasia 'micholitziana'

  Colour: Green leaves with white veins

  Unique Features: Large, arrow-shaped leaves with prominent veins

  Origin: Southeast Asia

• Alocasia Macrorrhiza 'Stingray'

  Alocasia 'macrorrhiza'

  Colour: Green leaves with dark green veins

  Unique Features: Unique stingray-like leaf shape

  Origin: Southeast Asia

• Alocasia Longiloba

  Alocasia 'longiloba'

  Colour: Green leaves with dark green veins

  Unique Features: Large, arrow-shaped leaves

  Origin: Southeast Asia

• Alocasia Sarawakensis
  Alocasia 'sarawakensis'
  Colour: Green leaves with dark green veins
  Unique Features: Thick, leathery leaves
  Origin: Southeast Asia

• Alocasia Brancifolia
  Alocasia 'brancifolia'
  Colour: Green leaves with dark green veins
  Unique Features: Deeply lobed leaves
  Origin: Southeast Asia

• Alocasia Wentii
  Alocasia 'wentii'
  Colour: Green leaves with dark green veins
  Unique Features: Large, robust leaves with purple undersides
  Origin: Southeast Asia

• Alocasia Sanderiana
  Alocasia 'sanderiana'
  Colour: Green leaves with white veins
  Unique Features: Glossy, deeply lobed leaves
  Origin: Philippines

• Alocasia Odora
  Alocasia 'odora'
  Colour: Green leaves with dark green veins
  Unique Features: Fragrant leaves, also known as Night-Scented Lily
  Origin: Southeast Asia

• Alocasia Nebula
  Alocasia 'nebula'
  Colour: Green leaves with dark green veins
  Unique Features: Silver-blue leaves with a nebula-like pattern
  Origin: Cultivated variety

• Alocasia Reversa
  Alocasia 'reversa'
  Colour: Green leaves with dark green veins
  Unique Features: Unique, reversed leaf colour pattern
  Origin: Cultivated variety

• Alocasia Melo
  Alocasia 'rugosa'
  Colour: Green leaves with a rough, thick texture
  Unique Features: Hard, thick leaves with a rugged feel
  Origin: Southeast Asia

• Alocasia Scalprum
  Alocasia 'scalprum'
  Colour: Green leaves with dark green veins
  Unique Features: Unique blade-like leaves
  Origin: Cultivated variety

• Alocasia Infernalis
  Alocasia 'infernalis'
  Colour: Dark purple leaves with dark green veins
  Unique Features: Dark, almost black leaves with intense shine
  Origin: Malaysia

• Alocasia Portei
  Alocasia 'porteii'
  Colour: Green leaves with dark green veins
  Unique Features: Serrated, elongated leaves
  Origin: Southeast Asia

• Alocasia Plumbea 'Nigra'
  Alocasia 'plumbea'
  Colour: Dark, metallic leaves
  Unique Features: Glossy, blackish foliage
  Origin: Southeast Asia

• Alocasia Heterophylla
  Alocasia 'heterophylla'
  Colour: Green leaves with dark green veins
  Unique Features: Diverse leaf shapes
  Origin: Southeast Asia

• Alocasia Reginae
  Alocasia 'reginae'
  Colour: Green leaves with dark green veins
  Unique Features: Regal, upright growth habit
  Origin: Southeast Asia

Alocasia 'Frydek'

Alocasia zebrina

Alocasia Fun Facts

Alocasia History & Interesting Facts

1. Ancient Use: Alocasia plants have been cultivated for centuries in Southeast Asia for their medicinal properties, and their edible tubers, which are starchy and used as a food source after thorough cooking to remove toxic compounds. There is a study which evaluated the antioxidant potential and hepatoprotective activity of the tuber extract of Alocasia indica. The research highlights the presence of various phytochemical compounds, such as alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, and saponins, which contribute to its medicinal properties.

2. Ornamental Popularity: Alocasia plants, with their striking foliage and dramatic appearance, indeed captured the attention of European aristocrats when they were introduced by Dutch traders in the 16th century. Their popularity as ornamental plants quickly spread, and they became a symbol of elegance and prestige in European gardens and homes. This trend continues today, as Alocasia plants are still highly sought after for their unique beauty and decorative appeal.

3. Diverse Species: The Alocasia genus boasts over 100 diverse species, each with its own unique characteristics and growth habits. This diversity is what makes Alocasia plants so fascinating and popular among plant enthusiasts.

4. Impressive Leaf Size: Some species of Alocasia can produce leaves as large as 3 feet (0.91 m) long, making them highly sought after by plant enthusiasts. The Alocasia robusta is known for having the largest undivided leaf in the plant kingdom. Its leaves can reach an impressive 12 feet (3.66 meters) in length on a plant that can grow up to 20 feet (6.1 meters) tall. This makes Alocasia robusta a true giant among plants and a prized possession for Alocasia enthusiasts.

5. Tropical Origins: Native to tropical regions of Asia and Eastern Australia, Alocasia plants thrive in warm and humid climates. This tropical origin influences their care needs when grown as houseplants. They prefer conditions that mimic their native environment, including high humidity, warm temperatures, and indirect light.

6. Botanical Gardens: In the 19th century, Alocasia plants became widely cultivated in botanical gardens throughout Europe. Their striking foliage and exotic appearance made them highly sought after by botanists and plant enthusiasts alike. These gardens played a crucial role in studying and showcasing a diverse range of Alocasia species, contributing to the understanding and appreciation of these remarkable plants. Their popularity in botanical gardens also helped spread their cultivation beyond Europe, making Alocasia a beloved ornamental plant worldwide.

7. Houseplant Favourite: Alocasia is a popular houseplant today due to its striking appearance and relatively easy-care requirements for some varieties.

8. Toxicity Warning: It's crucial to be aware that all parts of the Alocasia plant contain calcium oxalate crystals. These crystals can cause irritation if ingested and may also irritate the skin or eyes upon contact. Symptoms can include burning sensations in the mouth, throat, and stomach, as well as skin irritation and swelling. For this reason, it's essential to handle Alocasia plants with care, especially if you have pets or young children in your home. Always wash your hands after handling the plant, and consider wearing gloves to avoid direct contact with the sap.

9. Hybridization: Hybridization of Alocasia became a pivotal aspect of horticulture in the 20th century. Through hybridization, plant breeders were able to develop numerous unique cultivars with enhanced aesthetic appeal and varied characteristics. Some of these cultivars feature striking leaf patterns, vibrant colors, and different growth habits, making them highly desirable for both ornamental use and plant collections. Examples of popular Alocasia hybrids include:

   • Alocasia 'Polly': Known for its dark green, glossy leaves with prominent white veins and a compact growth habit.

   • Alocasia 'Maharani': Features thick, leathery, almost metallic-looking leaves with a beautiful texture.

   • Alocasia 'Frydek': Renowned for its velvety leaves with bright white veins, creating a stunning contrast.

   These hybrids not only broaden the diversity within the Alocasia genus but also enhance their popularity as houseplants, appealing to a wide range of plant enthusiasts and collectors.

Alocasia Medicinal Uses

11. Ethnopharmaceutical Practices: In many cultures, Alocasia plants are used in traditional medicine practices to treat various health conditions. Alocasia species are traditionally used to treat various ailments such as jaundice, snake bites, boils, and diabetes.

12. Antioxidant Properties: Some Alocasia species have been studied for their antioxidant properties, which may have potential health benefits. This systematic review evaluates existing medicinal studies on the Alocasia genus and identifies potential studies related to its antioxidant properties. The review highlights that Alocasia species are mostly studied for their antioxidant, antitumor, and cytotoxic activities.

13. Anticancer Potential: Research suggests that certain Alocasia species may have anticancer properties, making them subjects of ongoing studies. Studies have shown that extracts from Alocasia plants exhibit antitumor and cytotoxic activities, making them subjects of ongoing research for potential cancer treatments.

14. Antimicrobial Activity: Alocasia plants have been found to possess antimicrobial and antifungal properties, which can be useful in treating infections. Studies have shown that extracts from Alocasia species, particularly Alocasia indica and Alocasia macrorrhizos, exhibit significant antimicrobial effects, making them potentially useful in treating infections.

15. Anti-inflammatory Effects: The genus Alocasia includes species with anti-inflammatory properties, which can help in reducing inflammation. Studies have shown that Alocasia plants exhibit various biological activities, including anti-inflammatory effects, which can help in reducing inflammation.

16. Antidiabetic Uses: Some Alocasia species are used traditionally to manage diabetes due to their antidiabetic properties. Studies have shown that extracts from Alocasia plants, particularly Alocasia indica, exhibit antihyperglycemic effects, which can help in controlling blood sugar levels.

17. Hepatoprotective Properties: Alocasia plants have been used to protect the liver and treat liver-related conditions. Studies have shown that extracts from Alocasia species, particularly Alocasia indica, can help protect the liver and treat liver-related conditions. These studies often use models of liver damage induced by substances like carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) and paracetamol (PCM). The extracts have been found to significantly reduce liver damage and improve liver function markers.

18. Antiparasitic Activity: Certain Alocasia species exhibit antiparasitic properties, which can be beneficial in treating parasitic infections. This study has shown that extracts from Alocasia plants, particularly Alocasia macrorrhizos, have antiprotozoal and anthelmintic activities, making them useful in combating parasitic infections.

19. Radioprotective Effects: A respected study by Frontiers suggests that Alocasia species may have radioprotective properties, offering protection against radiation damage. The study systematically reviews the traditional uses, phytochemical content, and biological activities of Alocasia species. It highlights that Alocasia plants, commonly found in tropical and subtropical regions, are popular ornamental plants and have been traditionally used to treat various ailments such as jaundice, snake bites, boils, and diabetes. The review identifies numerous biological activities of Alocasia species, including anti-cancer, antidiabetic, antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and radioprotective properties. The study emphasizes the potential of Alocasia species for medicinal applications and the need for further research to explore their full therapeutic potential.

Alocasia Folklore & Mythology

21. Hindu Mythology: In Hindu mythology, Lord Ganesha is revered as the remover of obstacles and the god of wisdom and prosperity. During Hindu festivals, it is common for devotees to offer various items as part of their rituals, including flowers and leaves. Alocasia leaves, with their large and distinct shape, are often used in these offerings to Lord Ganesha. These leaves are believed to symbolize prosperity, protection, and spiritual well-being.

    This practice highlights the cultural and spiritual significance of Alocasia plants in Hindu traditions, demonstrating their importance beyond just their ornamental and medicinal uses.

22. Cultural Symbolism: Alocasia plants hold cultural symbolism in various parts of the world. In some cultures, they are considered symbols of prosperity and good fortune. Their large, lush leaves are believed to attract positive energy, and their robust growth is seen as a sign of abundance.

    In places like Southeast Asia, Alocasia plants are typically grown in homes and gardens to bring wealth, protection, and harmony. Their presence in a household is thought to enhance spiritual well-being and guard against misfortune.

23. Folk Remedies: Traditional healers use Alocasia plants in various folk remedies to treat common ailments. These remedies often leverage the medicinal properties of Alocasia species, such as their anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antidiabetic effects. For example, Alocasia leaves might be used to create poultices for wounds or to brew herbal teas for digestive issues.

24. Spiritual Significance: Alocasia plants are sometimes used in spiritual rituals and ceremonies, particularly in cultures where these plants hold significant traditional value. The large, striking leaves of Alocasia, often referred to as “Elephant Ears,” are believed to symbolize protection, strength, and resilience. In various cultural practices, the plant is used to ward off negative energies and bring good fortune.

    In some Southeast Asian traditions, Alocasia leaves are used in rituals to cleanse spaces and create a protective barrier against evil spirits. The plant’s association with healing and protection in these cultures underscores its spiritual importance.

25. Mythical Stories: There are many mythical stories associated with Alocasia plants. These stories regularly highlight their use in healing and protection, reflecting the cultural significance of the plant. For example, in some cultures, Alocasia plants are believed to have protective properties against evil spirits. In traditional medicine, they are used for their purported healing powers, which is why they appear in various folk tales and legends as magical plants that can cure ailments and protect people from harm.

Alocasia Red Mambo

Alocasia Leaf Close Up

Overview Of Alocasia Plants

Alocasia plants are one of the harder houseplants to keep, they have exacting care needs, and they're not afraid to show you when they're unhappy. They are proper drama queens, wilting dramatically when they're upset! By following our Alocasia plant care guide, you can ensure that your Elephant Ears doesn't join the local plant amateur dramatics club.

Alocasia plants come in a wide variety of leaf sizes, shapes, and colours. There are beautiful variegated varieties with lots of bright white, ranging all the way down to almost black gothic houseplants. With a variety to suit every interior design, Alocasias will soon become a staple in your home. We warn you now — they're a little addictive once you crack the Alocasia care code!

Edited & Fact Checked By: The Houseplant Shop

Article Published: 29th November 2024

About The Houseplant Shop:

Independent Houseplant Nursery
Horticultural Specialists
Managing Over 250 Houseplant Species Onsite
Over 15 Years Of Experience With Horticulture

As head of horticulture, Sarah manages the care and propagation of over 250 plant species at a commercial houseplant nursery. With over 15 years of experience in horticulture, specializing in houseplants, Sarah has extensive expertise in plant biology, soil science, and integrated pest management. She continually reviews and integrates the latest research into her plant care guides. Dedicated to educating others, Sarah has spent years diagnosing houseplant care issues and sharing her real-world experience. Her commitment to scientific accuracy and helping people diagnose plant health issues has established her as a trusted authority and expert in the field.

The Houseplant Shop is a dedicated houseplant nursery, growing all of their own stock from their botanical library of over 250 houseplant species. The nursery staff are horticultural experts who have dedicated their lives to cultivating and nurturing over 250 different species of houseplants, focusing on Aroids, tropical plants, and NOID collectables. All their plants are grown in house in Britain to be more environmentally friendly. The nursery is proud to have been featured by the Royal Horticultural Society (RHS) as a 100% peat free nursery.

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How We Reviewed This Article:

Our horticultural experts continually monitor the houseplant space, and we update our articles when new information becomes available. We are committed to providing current and reliable information. If you have some information that you think would be helpful in this article, we'd love to hear from you. Our team works hard to revise articles for factual accuracy, and we regularly update our pages with new information, techniques, tips, images, trade secrets, and real world experience from the team here at the houseplant nursery. You can find a list of the article updates below.

Written By: Sarah Brooks, Head of Horticulture

Article Received: 26th November 2024

Copyright: The Houseplant Shop (https://thehouseplant.shop)
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List of Article Updates:

20th December 2024: Minor UI updates

Author Bio:

Author: Sarah Brooks,
Head of Horticulture at The Houseplant Shop