Philodendron Plant Guide

Philodendron — Noun

Philodendron is a genus of over 450 recognized species of evergreen climbing plants, native to the Americas and the West Indies. Philodendrons are evergreen perennial climbing vines.

Pronounced: Phil — O — Den — D — Ron

Genus: The Philodendron genus in the Araceae family includes over 450 different species, such as Silver Sword, Gloriosum, Black Cardinal, Scandens, Tortum, Ring of Fire, Micans, Giganteum, Brasil, Atabapoense, White Princess, White Wizard, White Knight, and many more.

First Use: The plant name Philodendron was first described in 1644, and the genus was given its name in 1829.

Name Meaning: Philodendron derives from the Greek words 'philo,' which means 'love & affection,' and 'dendron,' which means 'tree.' Philodendron roughly translates to tree lover.

Overview: Philodendron plants are usually climbers, but some are able to stand up without a plant support; these are called self-headers. Philodendrons come in a wide variety of colours, sizes, shapes, and variegation, with a style to suit every interior design. There's a reason that these plants are one of the most popular houseplants — they're easy to keep, beautiful, and they thrive in our indoor environments without too much extra care or attention. We love that Philodendrons can create their own heat; we've written about this more in our thermogenic houseplants section.

Philodendron 'Splendid' (verrucosum x melanochrysum)

Figures

Ultimate height
0.5–8 metres

Ultimate spread
0.1–4 metres

Time to ultimate height
5–10 years

Philodendron lifespan
15–20 years. Several sources claim they can reach over 30 years old.

Philodendron Facts & Figures

In The Pot

Soil
Loam

Moisture
Well–draining chunky but moist soil

pH
Acid, Neutral, Alkaline

Out Of The Pot

Windows
Partial shade — South, East, or West facing windows

Exposure
Sheltered

Hardiness
Must be kept under glass all year.

Temperature Tolerance: 15 °C (59 °F) – 30 °C (86 °F)

Facts

Family
Arum

Native to GB / Ireland
No — Native to America and the West Indies

Foliage & Habit
Evergreen / Climber

Safety
Harmful if eaten
Causes skin & eye irritation

Philodendron 'Imperial Green'

Philodendron 'Imperial Green'

Philodendron Lighting

Philodendrons are versatile and forgiving houseplants, making them a favourite among both novice and experienced plant lovers. When it comes to lighting, these beauties thrive in bright, indirect light, but they're also adaptable to lower light conditions. Here's how to ensure your Philodendron gets the perfect amount of light:

Bright, Indirect Light: The ideal lighting condition for Philodendrons is bright, indirect light. Place your plant near a window where it can enjoy plenty of sunlight without being exposed to direct rays. A north or east-facing window is perfect. If you only have south or west-facing windows, make sure to provide some shade with sheer curtains.

Low Light Tolerance: One of the reasons Philodendrons are so popular is their ability to adapt to lower light conditions. While they won’t grow as vigorously or develop the characteristic lush foliage in low light, they will still survive and add greenery to your home. Just remember to adjust your watering schedule accordingly, as plants in lower light require less frequent watering.

Signs of Too Much or Too Little Light: If your Philodendron's leaves start to yellow or develop brown spots, it might be getting too much direct sunlight. On the other hand, if the stems are stretching towards the light source and the leaves are smaller than usual, it’s a sign that your plant needs more light.

Supplemental Lighting: If natural light is insufficient, consider using grow lights. Full-spectrum LED grow lights are an excellent option and can be used to supplement the lighting needs of your Philodendron, ensuring it remains healthy and vibrant throughout the year.

Philodendron Squamiferum 'Hairy Philodendron'

Philodendron 'Black Cardinal'

Philodendron Watering Needs

Watering your Philodendron correctly is crucial for its health and growth. These plants are quite adaptable, but there are a few key points to keep in mind to ensure your Philodendron thrives:

Moderate Watering: Philodendrons prefer to be kept consistently moist, but not waterlogged. Water your plant when the top inch or two of soil feels dry to the touch. This generally means watering every 1–2 weeks, but the frequency can vary depending on the environment.

Avoid Overwatering: Overwatering is one of the most common issues with Philodendrons. Ensure your pot has good drainage to prevent root rot. Allow excess water to drain away completely and never let the plant sit in water.

Use Dechlorinator: To prevent burnt leaf tips from chlorine, we always recommend using a good quality dechlorinator designed for houseplants. Not all water companies use chlorine which evaporates over a 24-hour period these days, unfortunately most are using chloramine which cannot be removed with evaporation, which is why we recommend using dechlorinator for your Philodendrons.

Check the Soil: The best way to determine if your Philodendron needs water is to check the soil. Stick your finger about an inch into the soil. If it feels dry, it's time to water. If it's still moist, wait a few more days and check again.

Adjusting for Seasons: Philodendrons grow more actively in the spring and summer, requiring more frequent watering. In the fall and winter, their growth slows down, and they require less water. Adjust your watering schedule accordingly.

Water Quality: Philodendrons are not particularly fussy about water quality, but using room-temperature, filtered water can help avoid issues with chlorine and fluoride found in tap water. Let tap water sit out overnight to allow these chemicals to dissipate.

Philodendron Mamei Silver Cloud
In this photo, taken from the same angle one day after watering, the plant has perked back up. After a good drink, the plant is now fully hydrated and is standing upright again. Drama over!

Signs of Under Watering: If your Philodendron's leaves start to droop or curl, like the underwatered plant we have pictured in this guide, it might be a sign that it needs more water. Give it a good drink and monitor the soil to ensure it stays consistently moist. Consider adding a permanent moisture meter spike into the plant pot.

In our experience, drooping leaves on a Philodendron plant are just a sign of underwatering. We've found that some of our more mature Philodendrons like to drink more frequently than the rest, so we recommend keeping an eye on your individual plants. Not all Philodendrons require the same amount of water, individual plants may drink more water, especially if there are more than one stem in the pot. Keep an eye on your Philodendrons, as they like to produce pups. Although it's lovely to have more plants in the pot, this can complicate their watering needs, so keep a close eye on your Philodendron plants.

The Philodendron mamei in the photos was left without water for over a week under high artificial lighting. Talk about drama! After a good watering, the plant perked back up. The second photo was taken from the same angle only a few days after watering. The moral of the story is that if your Philodendron starts wilting, it may not be anything to panic about, as it could just need a good drink.

The plant in question that we've mentioned has three plants in one small pot, so it does need watering much more frequently than your average houseplant. If you find yourself in this situation, it can be best to repot your Philodendron to provide a larger root surface area and better moisture retention.

Signs of Over Watering: Yellowing leaves, mushy stems, and a musty smell (if you know, you know.) from the soil are signs of overwatering. If you notice these symptoms, let the soil dry out completely before watering again and ensure your pot has adequate drainage. Philodendron plants can handle drought better than they can handle overwatering, so try to let the soil dry out to a complete crisp every so often. If you feel that your Philodendrons soil is too moist, the best advice we can give you is to wait a few days, then check the soil again. If the soil still isn't dry in a few days, you may need to wait longer. If you find that your Philodendrons soil rarely dries out, you may need to change the soil mix for a chunkier, airier, more free draining mix. Another thing to check is the drainage holes in your plant pot. You can make extra drainage holes by using a size 4-6 wood drill bit on plastic plant pots.

Philodendron Mamei Silver Cloud
This photo shows a wilted, saggy, underwatered plant, being a bit of a drama queen. If your Philodendron looks like this, it's a sign that your plant needs more water.

Philodendron 'Prince of Orange'

Philodendron Scandens 'Sweetheart Plant'

Philodendron Humidity Requirements

Philodendrons are tropical plants that thrive in environments with high humidity. While they are quite adaptable and can tolerate a range of humidity levels, providing the right humidity can significantly enhance their growth and overall health. Here's how to create the perfect humid environment for your Philodendron:

High Humidity: Philodendrons flourish in high humidity, ideally between 60% and 80%. This mimics their natural tropical habitat and promotes lush, vibrant foliage. We would always recommend purchasing a humidity meter to monitor high or low zones over the day. Make sure you buy one with a '24-hour average' function to allow you to see where things are going right or wrong. As a bonus, it measures your temperatures too.

Misting: Regularly misting your Philodendron can help increase humidity around the plant. Use a spray bottle to lightly mist the leaves, especially during the drier months or if you live in a region with low humidity.

Humidifiers: Using a humidifier is an effective way to maintain consistent humidity levels in your home. Place the humidifier near your Philodendron to keep the air moist and comfortable.

Humidity Trays: Create a humidity tray by placing a layer of pebbles in a shallow tray, filling it with water, and setting your Philodendron's pot on top. As the water evaporates, it will increase the humidity around the plant.

Grouping Plants: Placing several plants together can create a microclimate with higher humidity. The natural transpiration of water from the plants' leaves will help to humidify the surrounding air.

Avoid Drafts: Keep your Philodendron away from drafts and direct air from heating or cooling vents, as these can dry out the air and lower humidity levels.

Signs of Low Humidity: If your Philodendron's leaves begin to curl, brown at the edges, or develop crispy tips, it may be a sign that the humidity is too low. Increasing the humidity can help alleviate these issues and keep your plant happy and healthy.

Philodendron 'Gloriosum'

Philodendron 'Burle-Marxii Variegata'

Philodendron Temperatures

Philodendrons thrive in warm, tropical environments, so maintaining the right temperature is essential for their health and growth. Here’s how to create the perfect temperature conditions for your Philodendron:

Philodendron Optimal Temperature Range: Philodendrons prefer temperatures between 15 °C (59 °F) – 30 °C (86 °F). This range mimics their natural habitat and promotes robust growth and vibrant foliage.

Avoiding Temperature Extremes: Philodendrons are sensitive to temperature fluctuations. Avoid exposing them to temperatures below 15 °C (59 °F), as this can cause stress and damage to the plant. Similarly, keep them away from heat sources like radiators or heaters, which can dry out the air and overheat the plant.

Monitor Your Philodendron Temperatures: We would always recommend purchasing a 24-hr thermometer to monitor temperature levels. The inbuilt memory stores average humidity and temperatures over a 24-hour period.

Stable Environment: Consistency is key for Philodendrons. Try to keep the temperature as stable as possible, avoiding drafts from windows and doors, and sudden changes in temperature.

Seasonal Adjustments: During the colder months, ensure your Philodendron is not near cold drafts or windows. In the warmer months, provide adequate ventilation to prevent overheating, but avoid placing the plant in direct airflow from air conditioning units.

Signs of Temperature Stress: If your Philodendron is exposed to temperatures outside its ideal range, you may notice signs of stress such as yellowing leaves, drooping, or slowed growth. Adjust the temperature conditions to help the plant recover and thrive.

Philodendron Scandens 'Brasil'

Philodendron 'Prince of Orange'

Philodendron Soil Mix Recipe

Philodendron plants are a favourite among houseplant enthusiasts in the UK due to their ease of care. To ensure your Philodendron thrives, providing the right type of soil is essential. At The Houseplant Shop, we avoid peat due to its environmental impact.

Best Soil Type for Philodendron Plants

Choosing Well-Draining Commercial Soil: If you opt for a commercial soil mix, Philodendrons prefer well-draining soil to prevent root rot. They thrive in a chunky, airy mix, similar to their natural environment of climbing tree trunks. A soil mix with lots of bark will support the plant’s strong roots. If you can't find a suitable pre-mixed option, try our DIY soil mix recipes.

DIY Soil Mixes for Philodendron Plants

• Basic DIY Mix: Combine 1 litre of coco coir, 1 litre of compost, 1 litre of perlite, and 1 litre of orchid bark.

• Advanced DIY Mix: For a more complex mix, use 4 litres of coco coir, 4 litres of perlite, 4 litres of orchid bark, 2 litres of lecca balls, and 1 litre of worm castings. Optionally, add 1 litre each of pumice, activated charcoal, and zeolite.

• Soil Mix Components: If you can't find these ingredients locally or if you are the online shopping type, you can buy the soil mix components online here: Small Coco Coir Pack — Bulk Coco Coir Pack, Orchid Bark, Pumice, Horticultural Sand, Horticultural Grit, Worm Castings, Perlite, Lecca Balls, Activated Charcoal, Zeolite

• Soil vs Soilless Mix For Philodendron Plants: If you've ever had a pest infestation, then you may be tempted to grow plants hydroponically without any soil at all so that pests cannot survive in it. Coco Coir is the bridge between hydro and soil, giving you the best of both worlds. Coir has natural antifungal properties that help prevent root rot, furthermore it's completely inert which means that pests cannot survive in it unless you keep it really wet until it rots. You can even pasteurise the coir before use to ensure no hitch-hikers have jumped in during transport. You can add perlite or vermiculite to make it more chunky, but avoid adding any organic material that could decompose and attract pests. Be sure to stick to a good houseplant fertilizer, as coco coir has no natural nutrients to feed your plant.

• Nutrient-Rich Soil: A soil mix rich in organic matter provides essential nutrients for your Philodendron. Adding worm castings or compost can enhance the nutrient content. Alternatively, use a complete feed like Ionic Formulex weekly if avoiding organic matter to reduce pest issues.

• Philodendron Soil pH: Aim for a neutral pH between 6.0 and 6.5. The ingredients in our Philodendron soil mix recipe above should help achieve this. If using commercial soil, check the pH on the packaging.

Choosing the Right Philodendron Pot

Select a pot with drainage holes. Inspect the root ball; if it resembles raw ramen noodles, it may not be time to repot. Cut off any mushy roots and pot back into a smaller pot if needed. Choose a pot no more than 1 inch (2.54 cm) larger than the root ball.

Philodendron Potting Process

1. Prepare the Pot: Add a small handful of soil to the bottom.

2. Prepare the Plant: Gently remove your Philodendron from its pot and put it in your new pot on top of the soil.

3. Fill Around the Roots: Add some soil around the roots, leaving around 1 inch (2.54 cm) of space at the top of the pot. Press gently to remove air pockets.

4. Water: Water thoroughly, allowing any excess to drain out. After 10 minutes, dispose of any remaining water in the pot tray so that your plant doesn't sit with wet feet and get soggy roots, as this can lead to root rot!

Philodendron Verrucosum 'Incensi'

Philodendron 'Splendid' (verrucosum x melanochrysum)

Philodendron Fertilizer

Feeding Your Philodendron for Optimal Growth

Even the hardiest plants require a little extra care now and then. For your Philodendron, this means providing the right fertilizer to keep those leaves lush and green. Think of fertilizing as giving your plant a nutrient boost—it’s what transforms it from just surviving to truly thriving. Here are some top options for fertilizing your Philodendron:

Fertilizer Options for Philodendrons

• Balanced Liquid Fertilizer: A water-soluble fertilizer with an equal ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, such as 20-20-20 or 10-10-10, works well. This provides a balanced mix of nutrients for overall plant health. At The Houseplant Shop, we recommend Ionic Formulex plant food as an all-in-one solution.

• Slow-Release Fertilizer: For a low-maintenance approach, use a slow-release granular houseplant fertilizer. Mix it into the soil, and it will gradually release nutrients over time, ensuring your Philodendron gets a steady supply of food.

• Biofertilizers: Consider using biofertilizers like seaweed extract or biochar, which contain beneficial microorganisms. These natural options enhance soil fertility and promote healthy plant growth. At The Houseplant Shop, we frequently use seaweed as it helps reduce stress when repotting or pruning plants.

Feeding Schedule for Your Philodendron

• Spring and Summer: These are the growing seasons for your Philodendron. Feed it every 4–6 weeks with a balanced, water-soluble fertilizer. This encourages a burst of new growth and keeps your plant vibrant.

• Autumn and Winter: During the colder months, reduce feeding to every 8–10 weeks and dilute the feed to half strength. Alternatively, you can pause fertilizing altogether. This helps your plant to rest and prevents overfeeding.

Philodendron White Wave 'Birkin'

Philodendron White Wave 'Birkin'

How To Prune a Philodendron Plant

Is your Philodendron transforming your home into an indoor jungle? It might be time for a pruning session! This not only keeps your space stylish, but also ensures your plant stays healthy, vibrant, and encourages fresh new growth.

Philodendron Pruning Tips

• Shears at the Ready: Grab a pair of sharp, clean pruning shears. Think of them as your plant's grooming tools—everyone appreciates a good trim, including your Philodendron!

• Identify the Targets: Look for yellowing or overgrown stems. While a wild look can be charming, maintaining a neat appearance will help your plant thrive. It's time to bring order to the chaos.

• Stylish Snips: Make your cuts just above a leaf node (where the leaf attaches to the stem). This encourages your plant to produce new growth, leading to a fuller, more lush appearance.

• Embrace Bold Pruning: Don’t hesitate to trim back your Philodendron significantly. A good prune encourages it to become bushier and more robust, promoting new growth and a healthier plant overall.

Philodendron Scandens 'Brasil'

Philodendron Scandens 'Sweetheart Plant'

Propagating Philodendron Plants

Do you love your Philodendron so much that you wish you had more of them? Well, you can easily propagate these plants! For a full, detailed list of all propagation methods with pictures, check our propagation guide. Here’s a basic step-by-step guide to multiplying your Philodendron plants like a pro:

Philodendron Propagation Step By Step

1. Snip, Snip, Snip: Start by using a sharp, clean pair of scissors or pruning shears to cut a 4-6 inch section of the stem just below a node (the spot where the leaf meets the stem). Ensure your cutting has at least 3–4 leaves. It's like giving your Philodendron a stylish new haircut!

2. Water Magic: Place your cutting in a glass of water, making sure at least one node is submerged. Keep it in a bright spot away from direct sunlight. Your cutting will soon begin to grow roots—it's like plant magic! You can also use perlite, sphagnum, soil, or lecca balls for propagation and let mother nature do the rest. Once seated in your chosen medium, place the cutting in a bright location and let nature take its course.

3. Patience, Friend: Monitor your cutting and change half of the water weekly to keep it fresh. Contrary to some advice, you don’t need to change all the water frequently, as it contains natural rooting hormones beneficial for growth. In a few weeks, you'll see roots developing. Once they are 2–3 inches long, it’s time to pot them up.

4. Potting Up: Prepare a small pot with a well-draining chunky Philodendron potting mix. Make a hole in the soil, place your rooted cutting gently inside, and firm the surrounding soil. Give it a good watering.

5. Enjoy the Growth: Find a bright spot for your new Philodendron and watch it thrive. Soon, you’ll have a lush, bushy plant to add to your collection or share with a friend!

Philodendron 'Lemon Lime'

Philodendron Hastatum 'Silver Sword'

Philodendron Pests & Problems

Even the most carefree of Philodendrons can run into problems. Here's how to tackle common pests, unwanted guests and frequent issues that may affect your plant. Intruders? Not on our watch.

Common Philodendron Pest Species

• Spider Mites: These pesky pests can create small, barely visible webs towards the bottom of a Philodendron plant. Spider Mites unfortunately suck the life out of a houseplant until it dies, as such, they're a big issue. They have a 2-4 week life cycle, which makes these mites one of the shorter living pests that invade our homes. Spider mites can frequently be spotted by seeing small, discrete webs in the lower parts of your plants. They look somewhat like a small spider might have made your pot its residence, however, It's almost always bad news. Nine times out of ten, it's not a spider, but you'll really wish it was if you don't manage to get these unwanted guests under control.

• Aphids: These small green, brown or black flying pests are usually unwanted guests who broke in by flying through an open window, or they hitched a ride on our shoes or trousers from outside. Aphids can be extremely tricky to eradicate once fully established due to the long life cycle of aphids, combined with their sneaky egg laying tactics where they're hidden within the plant itself and are impossible to remove. Always remain vigilant for eggs hatching after 30 days, and continue pest treatment for several full adult life cycles. Consider using a systemic treatment to give you a 4-week window of assistance with your pest infestation. If you can't re-apply the systemic, resort to other methods listed in the treatment section below until you can re-apply.

• Mealy Bugs: These fluffy white invaders like to hide in leaf joints. They look like fluffy, cottony lice. They have very visible legs and antennae, and are visibly hairy, ranging from the size of a pin head to the size of a small woodlouse. Mealy bugs can be very difficult to get rid of due to them extensively laying their eggs inside the stems, in the folds of leaves and within the soil where you can't see them. It can be helpful to change your Philodendrons soil mix if you have a bad mealy bug invasion. The life cycle of a Mealy is 4–7 weeks from egg to adult, so you need to be vigilant for eggs hatching out after the first treatment, and you must keep reapplying the treatment. Consider using a systemic treatment to give you a 4-week window of assistance with your pest infestation. If you can't re-apply the systemic, resort to other methods listed in the treatment section below until you can re-apply.

• Scale Insects: These hard-shelled, strange looking pests can be tricky. They're hard to spot as they look like a hard scaly spot on the plant, somewhat resembling a scab or wound. Solution: Scrape them off gently with a soft brush and spray the plant down with our DIY pesticide listed below.

Common Philodendron Pest Treatments

• Natural Leaf Wipe: Used as a preventative and spot pest treatment. Wipe the leaves with pure undiluted neem oil to give your Philodendron a beautiful, healthy shine whilst deterring any pests and killing anything that comes into contact with the neem oil.

• Instant Death: Dab visible plant pests with a clean cotton swab dipped in pure rubbing alcohol to send them packing, instantly. This is a tried and tested classic method for natural pest control. If the pests don't die instantly when they're drenched in the liquid, or they are large like scale insects, pick them off the plant and put them into a glass with enough alcohol to completely cover them.

• Natural Homemade DIY Pesticide: If you’re having issues, we would always recommend a natural based approach as a first line of defence, as it's much more gentle on your plants. For this DIY pesticide to be effective, the pests must come into contact with the liquid. To make a simple DIY neem oil and soap recipe, mix 1 teaspoon of neem oil with 1/2 teaspoon of insecticidal soap and 1 litre of water. Apply with a spray bottle, ensuring all parts of the plant are covered in the pest spray. You can re-apply this solution every few days without upsetting your plants until there's no more signs of pests.

• Natural Pesticide: This premixed natural pesticide helps to remove pests from your plants naturally without the use of harsh chemicals. If you prefer a premixed pest removal solution, you can buy concentrated neem and soap solutions like SB Plant Invigorator, which you dilute and apply with a spray bottle. This premixed natural pesticide helps to remove pests from your plants naturally without the use of harsh chemicals. These sprays often contain nutrients to give your plants a boost to help them kickstart their natural defences. When this spray is applied too much, this can cause leaf burning and brown crispy tips, so you shouldn't apply them every few days like the DIY pesticide mix above.

• Chemical Pesticide: For a more hardline approach, we recommend a full systemic pesticide to give your houseplants a 4-week window of pest protection to help kill all the stages of the pest's life cycle without repeated treatments. The only systemic pesticide currently available in England is Acetamiprid concentrate. This is known to create some distortion in new growth immediately after application. To fix Acetamiprid distorted leaves, simply cut the new leaves off back to the last healthy growth point. Your plant should grow back with normal leaves before long.

Common Problems: Diagnosing and Fixing Philodendron Woes

• Yellow Leaves: If your Philodendron plant has yellowing leaves, it might be overwatered. Solution: Check the soil—if it feels at all wet to the touch, allow it more time to dry out and reduce the watering frequency. Consider buying a soil water tester to take the hard work out of houseplant watering. Ensuring that your pot has good drainage is also important, alongside ensuring that your soil recipe is chunky and airy.

• Brown Leaf Tips: This could be a sign of low humidity or under watering. Monitor your humidity, and if needed, increase your humidity by using a humidity tray to increase localised humidity. The leaves should be sprayed at night to allow them time to dry before light hits them in the morning, as this can lead to fungal issues.

• Leggy Growth: If your plant looks more vine than leaves, it might need more light. Most plant species start to look bad when they're not getting their needs met — it's one of the first signs of lighting issues. Try moving your plant to a brighter spot or adding supplemental LED lighting.

• Root Rot: If the roots are black and mushy, your plant might be suffering from root rot due to overwatering. Cut off the affected roots and repot the plant in a fresh Philodendron appropriate soil mix.

• Loosing Leaves: If your Philodendron plant is loosing leaves, it could be nothing to worry about and simply a part of the natural ageing process. As plants make new leaves, they naturally shed the lower leaves that don't get as much light. It doesn't make sense economically for the plant to put all of that energy into a leaf that can't photosynthesise as well as others. Plants love efficiency as much as we do! The unwanted, inefficient leaves go yellow as the plant pulls all the nutrients out of it to recycle into new growth for new leaves. It can be beneficial to leave the dying leaves on the Philodendron until they have gone fully yellow to allow for maximum nutrient recycling. If your plant is killing off more than two leaves in one go, then you might need to check your plant care routine or the Philodendron's humidity or temperature needs. Premature yellowing of leaves is usually caused by overwatering or soil that's too dense and stays too wet. Loosing several leaves at once could also be a nutrient deficiency, causing the plant to pull the nutrients that it requires from older leaves, causing them to die off. If you don't have a feeding schedule for your plants, it may be worth adding a good quality fertilizer to your plant care routine.

Philodendron Mamei

Philodendron Mamei 'Silver Cloud'

15 Popular Philodendron Varieties

1. Heartleaf Philodendron
   Philodendron 'Hederaceum'
   Colour: Deep greens
   Lighting Requirements: Bright, indirect light
   Temperature: 18-27 °C (65-80 °F)
   Humidity: 50-60%
   Feeding Requirements: Balanced, water-soluble fertilizer every 1–2 weeks
   Watering Requirements: Keep soil moist, but not waterlogged
   Unique Features: Known for its heart-shaped leaves, it's a popular choice for beginners and thrives in low-light conditions.
   Origin: Central and South America

2. Philodendron White Wizard
   Philodendron 'Erubescens'
   Colour: Dark green with white variegation
   Lighting Requirements: Bright, indirect light
   Temperature: 18-27 °C (65-80 °F)
   Humidity: 50-60%
   Feeding Requirements: Balanced, water-soluble fertilizer every 1–2 weeks
   Watering Requirements: Keep soil moist, but not waterlogged
   Unique Features: This stunning plant is known for its beautiful white variegation and climbing nature. It's a great choice for adding a touch of elegance to your space.
   Origin: Hybrid, no native range.

3. Philodendron White Princess
   Philodendron 'Erubescens'
   Colour: Dark green with white and pink variegation
   Lighting Requirements: Bright, indirect light
   Temperature: 18-27 °C (65-80 °F)
   Humidity: 50-60%
   Feeding Requirements: Balanced, water-soluble fertilizer every 1–2 weeks
   Watering Requirements: Keep soil moist, but not waterlogged
   Unique Features: The White Princess is prized for its unique pink and white variegation, making it a standout in any collection. It has a self-heading, upright habit rather than being a climbing plant.
   Origin: Hybrid, no native range

4. Pink Princess Philodendron
   Philodendron 'Erubescens'
   Colour: Dark green with pink variegation
   Lighting Requirements: Bright, indirect light
   Temperature: 18-27 °C (65-80 °F)
   Humidity: 50-60%
   Feeding Requirements: Balanced, water-soluble fertilizer every 1–2 weeks
   Watering Requirements: Keep soil moist, but not waterlogged
   Unique Features: The stunning pink variegation makes it a prized houseplant.
   Origin: Colombia

5. Philodendron Brasil
   Philodendron 'Bipinnatifidum'
   Colour: Dark green with light green veins
   Lighting Requirements: Bright, indirect light
   Temperature: 18-27 °C (65-80 °F)
   Humidity: 50-60%
   Feeding Requirements: Balanced, water-soluble fertilizer every 1–2 weeks
   Watering Requirements: Keep soil moist, but not waterlogged
   Unique Features: It's large, deeply lobed leaves make it a striking addition to any space.
   Origin: Brazil

6. Philodendron Xanadu
   Philodendron 'Xanadu'
   Colour: Dark green with deeply lobed leaves
   Lighting Requirements: Bright, indirect light
   Temperature: 18-27 °C (65-80 °F)
   Humidity: 50-60%
   Feeding Requirements: Balanced, water-soluble fertilizer every 1–2 weeks
   Watering Requirements: Keep soil moist, but not waterlogged
   Unique Features: Its large, lush leaves make it a great focal point in any room.
   Origin: Brazil

7. Philodendron Micans
   Philodendron 'Hederaceum var. Hederaceum'
   Colour: Dark green with slightly velvety leaves
   Lighting Requirements: Bright, indirect light
   Temperature: 18-27 °C (65-80 °F)
   Humidity: 50-60%
   Feeding Requirements: Balanced, water-soluble fertilizer every 1–2 weeks
   Watering Requirements: Keep soil moist, but not waterlogged
   Unique Features: Its soft, velvety leaves give it a unique texture.
   Origin: Central and South America

8. Philodendron Silver Sword
   Philodendron 'Hastatum'
   Colour: Pale, silvery green
   Lighting Requirements: Bright, indirect light
   Temperature: 18-27 °C (65-80 °F)
   Humidity: 50-60%
   Feeding Requirements: Balanced, water-soluble fertilizer every 1–2 weeks
   Watering Requirements: Keep soil moist, but not waterlogged
   Unique Features: Climbing habit, metallic-silver foliage
   Origin: South America

9. Philodendron Gloriosum
   Philodendron 'Gloriosum'
   Colour: Green with creamy-white or pink veins
   Lighting Requirements: Bright, indirect light
   Temperature: 18-27 °C (65-80 °F)
   Humidity: 50-60%
   Feeding Requirements: Balanced, water-soluble fertilizer every 1–2 weeks
   Watering Requirements: Keep soil moist, but not waterlogged
   Unique Features: Large, velvety heart-shaped leaves
   Origin: South and Central America

10. Philodendron Black Cardinal
    Philodendron 'Erubescens'
    Colour: Dark green with black spots
    Lighting Requirements: Bright, indirect light
    Temperature: 18-27 °C (65-80 °F)
    Humidity: 50-60%
    Feeding Requirements: Balanced, water-soluble fertilizer every 1–2 weeks
    Watering Requirements: Keep soil moist, but not waterlogged
    Unique Features: Dark foliage with black spots
    Origin: South America

11. Philodendron Scandens
    Philodendron 'Hederaceum'
    Colour: Green
    Lighting Requirements: Bright, indirect light
    Temperature: 18-27 °C (65-80 °F)
    Humidity: 50-60%
    Feeding Requirements: Balanced, water-soluble fertilizer every 1–2 weeks
    Watering Requirements: Keep soil moist, but not waterlogged
    Unique Features: Climbing habit, small heart-shaped leaves
    Origin: Central and South America

12. Philodendron Tortum
    Philodendron 'Tortum'
    Colour: Green
    Lighting Requirements: Bright, indirect light
    Temperature: 18-27 °C (65-80 °F)
    Humidity: 50-60%
    Feeding Requirements: Balanced, water-soluble fertilizer every 1–2 weeks
    Watering Requirements: Keep soil moist, but not waterlogged
    Unique Features: Climbing habit, deeply lobed leaves
    Origin: South America

13. Philodendron Ring of Fire
    Philodendron 'Ring of Fire'
    Colour: Green with red variegation
    Lighting Requirements: Bright, indirect light
    Temperature: 18-27 °C (65-80 °F)
    Humidity: 50-60%
    Feeding Requirements: Balanced, water-soluble fertilizer every 1–2 weeks
    Watering Requirements: Keep soil moist, but not waterlogged
    Unique Features: Red variegation, deeply serrated leaves
    Origin: Hybrid, no native range

14. Philodendron Giganteum
    Philodendron 'Giganteum'
    Colour: Green
    Lighting Requirements: Bright, indirect light
    Temperature: 18-27 °C (65-80 °F)
    Humidity: 50-60%
    Feeding Requirements: Balanced, water-soluble fertilizer every 1–2 weeks
    Watering Requirements: Keep soil moist, but not waterlogged
    Unique Features: Large leaves, climbing habit
    Origin: South America

15. Philodendron Atabapoense
    Philodendron 'Atabapoense'
    Colour: Green with maroon undersides
    Lighting Requirements: Bright, indirect light
    Temperature: 18-27 °C (65-80 °F)
    Humidity: 50-60%
    Feeding Requirements: Balanced, water-soluble fertilizer every 1–2 weeks
    Watering Requirements: Keep soil moist, but not waterlogged
    Unique Features: Climbing habit, elongated leaves with maroon undersides
    Origin: South America

Philodendron 'Pink Princess'

Philodendron Brandtianum

Philodendron Fun Facts:

1. Name Origin: The name “Philodendron” comes from the Greek words "philo," meaning love or affection, and "dendron," meaning tree. So, it translates to "tree lover." as this species loves to climb trees in the wild, reaching dizzying heights of up to 8 metres!
   
   

2. Air Purifiers: Philodendrons are known for their air-purifying qualities. They can remove toxins such as formaldehyde from the air, making your indoor environment healthier. NASA tested several Philodendrons and found that they helped to remove toxins from our air.
   
   

3. Climbing Capabilities: Many philodendrons are climbers. They use aerial roots to attach themselves to surfaces like tree trunks or trellises, helping them reach sunlight in their natural habitat. This is how they got their Latin nickname of Philodendron, which roughly translates to tree lover.
   
   

4. Wide Variety: There are over 450 species of philodendrons, each with unique leaf shapes, sizes, and colours. This diversity makes them popular among plant enthusiasts, with a variety suitable for every home decor style. There are even some almost black 'gothic' Philodendrons like Black Cardinal, Lisa, Autumn Falls, and Royal Queen.
   
   

5. Easy Care: Philodendrons are known for being low-maintenance — they thrive in a range of lighting conditions and are relatively tolerant of neglect, making them perfect for beginners. Most Philodendrons are perfect for any room in your home, without making complicated humidity or temperature adjustments. Just keep them away from cold draughts and dehumidifiers.
   
   

6. Mature Leaf Changes: As philodendrons mature, their leaf shapes can change dramatically. For example, juvenile leaves might be heart-shaped, while mature leaves could develop lobes or splits. Half of the fun of raising Arum family plants is seeing the difference in the mature leaves as they age. Much like us humans, some plants can get better with age, and Philodendrons are definitely one of these plants! When you realise that Philodendrons are in the Arum family along with Monsteras, you can appreciate how the leaves may change as they mature.
   
   

7. Historical Usage: Indigenous people in South America have used philodendrons for various purposes, including medicinal treatments and as food. They utilized the leaves and roots to treat ailments like digestive issues and skin irritations. The young leaves and shoots were also consumed as food. Philodendrons held spiritual significance, symbolizing fertility and growth, and were used in rituals and as decorative elements in homes. This traditional knowledge continues to be valued and practised by some communities today.
   
   

8. Toxicity: While beautiful, philodendrons are toxic if ingested. They contain calcium oxalate crystals, which can cause irritation if eaten, so keep them out of reach of pets and small children. They are also irritants and could cause skin and eye irritation, so wash your hands thoroughly after working with Philodendron sap.
   
   

9. Adventitious Roots: Philodendrons can produce adventitious roots, which means they can develop roots from stems or leaves. These roots help them adapt to various growing conditions in the wild and help them attach themselves to whatever structure they are climbing up. In the wild, this would usually be a tree.
   
   

10. Indoor Blooming: While philodendrons rarely bloom indoors, when they do, they produce a spathe and spadix, similar to those of peace lilies and anthuriums. If you want your Philodendron to flower indoors, make sure to give it the correct care needs, as only very happy and established houseplants will typically flower indoors. To encourage your Philodendron to flower, go through this plant care guide and make sure you are giving it everything it needs to thrive. If all else fails, be patient, as it can take a long time for a plant to settle into its indoor environment enough to flower.

Philodendron 'Bipinnatifidum' - Reclassified to Thaumatophyllum 'Bipinnatifidum'

Philodendron 'Tortum'

Philodendron — The Thermogenic Houseplant

Philodendrons Have Thermogenic Properties

Philodendrons, particularly species like Philodendron 'Melinonii' and Philodendron 'Solimoesense', exhibit thermogenic properties, making them subjects of considerable scientific interest. Thermogenesis in these plants involves the generation of heat through metabolic processes, primarily within the inflorescences, which are more commonly referred to as flowers. Few houseplants available to purchase commercially have thermogenic properties, however, the genus Philodendron is a common houseplant worldwide that's easy to find online or in stores with good thermogenic properties.

Philodendron Varieties That Have Thermogenic Properties

Both varieties listed here are unique thermogenic species within the Philodendron genus. These plants can generate heat within their inflorescences, which helps to attract pollinators by volatilizing floral scents. This thermogenic ability highlights the remarkable adaptation strategies of these Philodendrons in their native tropical environments.

1. Philodendron 'Melinonii' can generate temperatures in its inflorescences (flowers) that are 3-6 °C above ambient air temperature during the night. This is a species is noted for its thermogenic inflorescences, where the male and sterile male florets on the spadix can produce significant heat. This thermogenic activity can elevate the spadix temperature to approximately 39.5 °C (103.1 °F). The heat generated helps volatilize floral scents, enhancing the attraction of specific pollinators, such as beetles. This process is crucial for successful pollination, facilitating the emission of attractant chemicals in cooler environments.

2. Philodendron 'Solimoesense': Similar to Philodendron 'Melinonii', this plant demonstrates heat production in its inflorescences (flowers). During the flowering period, the male and sterile male zones of the spadix undergo thermogenesis, significantly increasing their temperature to approximately 39.5 °C (103.1 °F). This thermal increase occurs predominantly during the night, aligning with the activity patterns of nocturnal pollinators. Philodendron 'Solimoesense' can generate temperatures in its inflorescences (flowers) that are 3-6 °C above ambient air temperature.

3. Philodendron 'Bipinnatifidum': can generate heat through its inflorescences (flowers), reaching temperatures up to 42 °C (107.6 °F). This heat production is primarily driven by the alternative oxidase (AOX) pathway in the mitochondria, which helps to volatilize floral scents and attract pollinators, such as the dynastid scarab beetle. Philodendron 'Binnatatifidum' can generate temperatures in its inflorescences (flowers) that are 3-6 °C above ambient air temperature.

The Science Behind Thermogenic Houseplants

The physiological mechanism behind thermogenesis in these Philodendron species involves alternative oxidase (AOX) pathways in the mitochondria, bypassing the typical ATP-generating electron transport chain. This alternative pathway results in the production of heat instead of ATP, a process beneficial for volatilizing pollinator-attracting scents and ensuring successful reproductive interactions. These thermogenic properties highlight the evolutionary adaptations of Philodendrons to their native tropical environments, where they have evolved specialized mechanisms to enhance pollination efficiency. This unique attribute, coupled with their diverse morphological characteristics, underscores the ecological and biological significance of Philodendrons in tropical ecosystems. Thermogenesis in Philodendrons serves as a compelling example of plant physiological adaptations, demonstrating the intricate relationships between plant metabolic processes and ecological interactions.

What's Special About Thermogenic Houseplants?

Having a plant that can produce its own heat like a thermogenic Philodendron in your home can be fascinating for several reasons:

1. Scientific Curiosity: It provides a unique opportunity to observe a rare and intriguing biological phenomenon up close.

2. Educational Value: These plants can serve as a living example to teach about plant physiology, metabolic processes, and evolutionary adaptations

3. Aesthetic Appeal: Beyond their scientific interest, thermogenic Philodendrons are also attractive houseplants, with lush foliage and unique flowering patterns.

Other Thermogenic Plants Suitable For Keeping Indoors

There are a few other species of plants with thermogenic properties that can be kept indoors, including: Symplocarpus Foetidus (Eastern Skunk Cabbage), typically found in wetlands, can be grown indoors with proper care. Amorphophallus Paeoniifolius (Elephant Foot Yam) is another thermogenic plant that can be cultivated indoors given adequate space and humidity. Helicodiceros Muscivorus (Dead-Horse Arum) also possesses thermogenic capabilities and can be maintained indoors with the right conditions.

Summary Of Thermogenic Houseplants

Overall, a thermogenic plant adds an element of wonder and discovery to your indoor garden, making it a conversation starter and a source of continuous intrigue.

Houseplants That Can Create Their Own Heat — Thermogenic Houseplants

Philodendron 'Verrucosum'

Philodendron 'Green Congo'

Philodendron Plant Overview

Philodendrons are beloved houseplants known worldwide for their easy care and attractive foliage. They come in a wide variety of colours, so there's a Philodendron to suit every interior design scheme. They thrive in a variety of household conditions, making them ideal for both novice and experienced plant enthusiasts.

With their ability to adapt to different light levels and tolerate occasional neglect, Philodendrons are perfect for those plant keepers with busy lifestyles. Philodendrons can easily transform any space into a green oasis or gothic castle in the case of the black cardinal variety. These exotic houseplants add a touch of the tropics to your home with their vibrant leaves and unique growth habits.

What sets Philodendrons apart from other houseplants is their diverse range of shapes, sizes, and colours. From the heart-shaped leaves of the Philodendron Hederaceum to the striking variegation of the Philodendron Pink Princess, there's a variety to suit every taste. Their climbing nature allows them to grow vertically with the help of a moss pole, creating an impressive display. Whether you're looking to start your plant journey or expand your collection, Philodendrons offer a blend of beauty, ease, and versatility that's hard to beat.

Edited & Fact Checked By: The Houseplant Shop

Article Published: 19th November 2024

About The Houseplant Shop:

Independent Houseplant Nursery
Horticultural Specialists
Managing Over 250 Houseplant Species Onsite
Over 15 Years Of Experience With Horticulture

As head of horticulture, Sarah manages the care and propagation of over 250 plant species at a commercial houseplant nursery. With over 15 years of experience in horticulture, specializing in houseplants, Sarah has extensive expertise in plant biology, soil science, and integrated pest management. She continually reviews and integrates the latest research into her plant care guides. Dedicated to educating others, Sarah has spent years diagnosing houseplant care issues and sharing her real-world experience. Her commitment to scientific accuracy and helping people diagnose plant health issues has established her as a trusted authority and expert in the field.

The Houseplant Shop is a dedicated houseplant nursery, growing all of their own stock from their botanical library of over 250 houseplant species. The nursery staff are horticultural experts who have dedicated their lives to cultivating and nurturing over 250 different species of houseplants, focusing on Aroids, tropical plants, and NOID collectables. All their plants are grown in house in Britain to be more environmentally friendly. The nursery is proud to have been featured by the Royal Horticultural Society (RHS) as a 100% peat free nursery.

Recommended Further Reading:

People also looked at: Philodendrons With Lobed Leaves, Watering, Moss Poles For Houseplants, Self Watering Moss Poles, and A-Z Species Plant Care.

How We Reviewed This Article:

Our horticultural experts continually monitor the houseplant space, and we update our articles when new information becomes available. We are committed to providing current and reliable information. If you have some information that you think would be helpful in this article, we'd love to hear from you. Our team works hard to revise articles for factual accuracy, and we regularly update our pages with new information, techniques, tips, images, trade secrets, and real world experience from the team here at the houseplant nursery. You can find a list of the article updates below.

Written By: Sarah Brooks, Head of Horticulture

Article Received: 15th November 2024

Copyright: The Houseplant Shop (https://thehouseplant.shop)
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List of Article Updates:

20th December 2024: Minor UI updates

Author Bio:

Author: Sarah Brooks,
Head of Horticulture at The Houseplant Shop