Ficus Plant Care Guide

Popular species of woody trees, shrubs, vines, epiphytes, and hemiepiphytes. Collectively known as fig trees or figs, they are native throughout the tropics, with a few species extending into the semi-warm temperate zones.

Pronounced: Fi — Cus

Genus: A genus of over 850 recognised species in the Moraceae family, often called the Mulberry family or Fig family. They typically have thick, glossy oblong leaves in a variety of colours, though some species have thin and delicate leaves.

First Use: The first known use of the word 'Ficus' was in the Middle English period, around 1150–1500.

Name Meaning: 'Ficus' is borrowed from the Latin word “Ficus,” which means 'fig.' This refers to the fig tree's famous fruit, most notably the Ficus carica (Fig Tree) and the Ficus sycomorus (Sycamore Fig Tree).

Otherwise known as:

• Rubber Plant

• Weeping Fig (refers to Ficus benjamina)

• Java Tree

Overview: Ficus trees are a modern classic and can be found in various corners of the world. Known for their popular and delicious fruit, Ficus trees provide a stunning visual impact in indoor spaces. They are sensitive to changes in their environment and may drop leaves when stressed, but if their care needs are met, they are rewarding plants for those willing to provide consistent care.

Ficus elastica Abidjan almost black gothic houseplant

Figures

Ultimate height
1.5–4 metres indoors

Ultimate spread
1.5–2.5 metres

Time to ultimate height
10–20 years

Ficus lifespan
50+ years. In the wild, Ficus can reach over 100 years old.

In The Pot

Soil
Sand
Loam
Chalk

Moisture
Well–draining soil

pH
Acid, Alkaline, Neutral

Out Of The Pot

Windows
Full sun — they can survive in any window, however, to get true colours and fast growth, stick to direct sunlight windows.

Exposure
Sheltered

Hardiness
Can be grown outside in the summer, but Ficus plants dislike frosts or cold temperatures.

Temperature Tolerance 15 °C (59 °F) – 30 °C (86 °F)

Facts

Family
Moraceae

Native to GB / Ireland
No — Native to the tropics

Foliage & Habit
Evergreen. Bushy.

Safety
Poisonous, causes skin & eye irritation. Keep away from cats and dogs.

Ficus Elastica ''Abidjan'

Ficus Elastica ''Audrey'

Ficus Lighting

Ficus plants are a global favourite due to their attractive foliage and straightforward care. Ensuring the right light conditions is vital for maintaining a healthy Ficus. Ficus plant care is easy once you understand the plant's needs. Here’s a comprehensive guide to help your Ficus thrives by providing the ideal lighting:

Ficus Lighting Needs

Ficus plants thrive in moderate to bright indirect light, making them suitable for rooms with ample natural light. They are particularly well-suited for living spaces and offices. However, if you notice changes in their leaf colour or pattern, it may indicate inadequate lighting. Try giving your Ficus plant more light and monitor the new growth for any positive changes.

Best Light Conditions for Ficus Plants

• Ficus Plants Love Direct Sunlight: Ficus plants prefer bright, direct light. Position them near a window where they can receive plenty of direct sunlight. Plant keepers are often hesitant to put their plants into full sun, however, Ficus trees require full sun to thrive. Although they can survive in lower lighting conditions, they may lose their colours and patterns, and growth may slow down.

• Ficus Low Light Tolerance: While fig trees prefer bright direct sunlight, some varieties of ficus can tolerate lower light conditions. They might not grow as vigorously in low light, but they will still survive and enhance the beauty of your space. If your Ficus plant loses its colour, try moving it to a brighter spot. The best low light Ficus is the Alii Ficus (Ficus Maclellandii), also known as the Banana Leaf Ficus.

• Artificial Light for Ficus Plants: If natural light is limited, Ficus plants can also thrive under fluorescent lighting or LED grow lights. This makes them ideal for office environments or rooms without windows. Ensure they receive about 12–14 hours of artificial light daily to replicate their natural growth conditions. If the leaves lose their colour or pattern, move your plant closer to the light source or increase the lighting.

Signs of Improper Lighting for Ficus Plants

• Ficus Has Yellowing Leaves: If the leaves of your Ficus start to yellow, it may be a sign of too much direct sunlight. Relocate the plant to an area with less intense light or adjust artificial lighting.

• Ficus Has Leggy Growth: If the stems are stretching and the plant appears sparse, it might not be receiving enough light. Move the plant to a brighter spot or add additional lighting. This may also indicate the need for pruning. Refer to our Ficus plant care guide before pruning, as Ficus sap can be irritating.

• Ficus Has Faded Variegation: When Ficus plants do not receive adequate light, their vibrant variegation can fade. Increasing light exposure can help restore their striking appearance. This occurs because the plant produces more chlorophyll to maximize photosynthesis, often turning the leaves greener.

• Ficus Growth Has Slowed Down: Although Ficus plants can survive in low lighting, they do not thrive and growth may slow down. Try moving your Ficus tree to a brighter window or add LED lighting.

Adjusting Ficus Lighting for Seasonal Changes

As seasons change, so does the intensity and duration of natural sunlight. In winter months, when sunlight levels are lower, you may need to move your Ficus closer to a light source, or add supplemental lighting.

Ficus Lyrata (right) with a bunch of other well lit houseplants

Ficus 'Lyrata' Fiddle Leaf Fig

Ficus 'Benjamina' Weeping Fig

How Often To Water Ficus Trees

Ficus trees are incredibly thirsty once established due to the extensive root system of a plant that matures into a 60ft (ca. 18 m) tree in the wild. As you can imagine, trying to contain a massive plant like a tree is a little more difficult than with most houseplants. As the roots can't access the water table when contained in pots, we have to ensure that our Ficus soil don't dry out too quickly, whilst ensuring it doesn't stay too wet. Ficus plants do not tolerate being waterlogged, ensuring the right balance is crucial to prevent common issues like root rot and leaf yellowing. It's not unusual for a mature established Ficus to need watering much more frequently than your average houseplant, here at The Houseplant Shop we typically water all of our Ficus trees twice a week, depending on the season.

How Often to Water Ficus Plants

Spring and Summer: During the growing season, water your Ficus when the top 1 inch (2.54 cm) of soil feels dry. This generally means watering once a week, although it can vary based on your home's humidity and temperature. Mature established Ficus trees may need watering more often, sometimes we water our trees twice a week, depending on how dry the soil feels. When Ficus trees mature, it's common to allow them to become root bound to avoid re-potting to gigantic pots. Whilst this method works to reduce the plant's floor space, the Ficus will need watering more frequently to compensate.

Autumn and Winter: In the cooler months, Ficus plants experience slower growth and require less frequent watering. Check the soil moisture every 7–14 days, depending on how mature your fig tree is, watering only when the top 2 inches (5.08 cm) of soil feels completely dry.

Ficus Watering Tips

Check the Soil: Always check the soil moisture before watering. Stick your finger about an inch into the soil; if it feels dry, it's time to water. A houseplant moisture meter can help you monitor soil moisture levels.

Use Dechlorinator: Using a plant safe dechlorinator ensures your water is free of harmful chemicals.

Room Temperature Water: Use water that has reached room temperature to avoid shocking the plant's roots.

Water Thoroughly: When watering, do so thoroughly until water drains out of the bottom of the pot. This ensures the entire root system is hydrated. Avoid leaving the plant sitting in excess water for more than 24 hours—check the saucer the day after watering and empty any remaining water.

Avoid Overwatering: Let the soil dry out slightly between watering to prevent root rot. Ficus plants are more tolerant of under-watering than overwatering.

Signs of Watering Issues in Ficus Plants

Ficus Has Yellowing Leaves: This can indicate overwatering or poor drainage. Make sure your pot has drainage holes and allow the soil to dry out slightly between watering. If your soil isn't airy and chunky, change the soil.

Ficus Wilting or Drooping: These may suggest under-watering. Check soil moisture and adjust your watering schedule as needed.

Ficus Has Brown Leaf Tips: This can result from low humidity or inconsistent watering. Increase humidity around the plant and ensure a consistent watering routine.

Ficus Has Brown Mushy Roots: This could be a sign of root rot, which is usually caused by overwatering. Cut off the slimy roots and repot your Ficus in well-draining chunky soil.

Ficus Soil is Drying Out Very Quickly: When Ficus trees become mature, it can be common to let them become pot bound to avoid potting up into huge pots. Whilst this method works to reduce the Ficus plant's floor space, the soil will need watering and feeding more frequently to compensate.

Ficus elasica Audrey "All Green Ficus Tree"

Ficus Elastica 'Tineke'

Ficus 'Benjamina' Variegated Weeping Fig

Ficus Humidity

How to Maintain Optimal Humidity for Ficus Plants

Ficus plants thrive in environments with a humidity level of around 60-70%, which closely mimics their natural tropical habitat. Adequate humidity keeps their foliage lush and vibrant, and helps prevent common issues like brown leaf tips, which can indicate dry air.

To ensure your Ficus receives the right humidity, consider using a houseplant hygrometer to measure your home's humidity levels. Regular monitoring and maintaining appropriate humidity can help prevent issues and promote healthier growth.

Ficus elasica Audrey "All Green Ficus Tree"

Tips to Increase Ficus Humidity

1. Misting: Lightly misting your Ficus with water can help increase the humidity around the plant. Use a spray bottle to mist the leaves, especially during dry months or in low-humidity regions. Misting should be done in the evening to prevent bacterial or fungal diseases from developing on the leaves.

2. Humidity Trays or Bowls: Placing bowls of water near the Ficus can boost the humidity around the plant. Alternatively, create a humidity tray by placing a layer of pebbles in a shallow tray and filling it with water. Set the Ficus's pot on top of the pebbles, ensuring the pot is above the water line. As the water evaporates, it will increase the humidity around the plant.

3. Humidifiers: Using an electric humidifier is an effective way to maintain consistent humidity levels. Place a humidifier near your Ficus to keep the air moist and comfortable. Be sure to monitor the humidity to ensure it doesn't get too high. A humidity meter can help with this if your humidifier doesn’t have a sensor.

4. Grouping Plants: Placing multiple plants together can create a microclimate with higher humidity. The natural transpiration from the plants' leaves will help humidify the surrounding air.

5. Avoid Drafts: Keep your Ficus away from drafts and direct air from heating or cooling vents, as these can dry out the air and reduce humidity levels around the plant, counteracting your efforts to maintain adequate humidity.

Ficus 'Ginseng' Bonsai Tree

Ficus Elastica ''Abidjan'

The Right Temperature For Ficus Plants

Indoor Ficus plants thrive in the warm environments of our homes, however, they like stability. Maintaining the right temperature indoors is crucial for their health and growth. Here’s how to achieve the ideal temperature conditions for Ficus trees:

Optimal Temperature Range For Ficus Plants

Ficus trees prefer temperatures between 15 °C (59 °F) – 30 °C (86 °F). This range mirrors a fig tree's natural habitat, promoting healthy growth and vibrant foliage colours.

Avoiding Temperature Extremes For Ficus Plants

Ficus plants are sensitive to temperature fluctuations. Avoid exposing them to temperatures below 15 °C (59 °F), as this can cause stress and damage. Similarly, keep them away from heat sources like radiators or heaters, which can dry out the air and overheat the plant.

Monitoring Ficus Temperatures

Using a 24-hour thermometer to monitor temperature levels is highly recommended. The built-in memory of these thermometers stores average humidity and temperatures over a 24-hour period, providing a comprehensive overview of your indoor environment.

Ficus Abidjan

Ficus Trees Need Stable Environments

Consistency is key to achieve the maximum potential of a Ficus plant. Aim to keep the temperature as stable as possible, avoiding draughty windows, doors, and sudden changes in temperature.

Seasonal Adjustments for Ficus Trees

During the colder months, ensure your Ficus plant is not near cold drafts or windows. In warmer months, provide adequate ventilation to prevent overheating, but avoid placing the Ficus plant near air conditioning unit exhausts.

Signs of Temperature Stress in Ficus Plants

If your Ficus plant is exposed to temperatures outside its ideal range, you may notice signs of stress such as yellowing leaves, drooping, or slowed growth. Adjust the temperature conditions to help the fig recover, and hopefully, to thrive once again.

Ficus Elastica 'Tineke'

Ficus 'Lyrata' Fiddle Leaf Fig

Repotting & Substrate — DIY Soil Mix For Ficus Plants

To ensure your Ficus plant thrives, giving it the right type of soil is essential. Providing the right substrate is the key to getting good growth from your Ficus plant. We don't recommend using peat due to the environmental concerns. Our DIY soil recipes are both eco-friendly and perfect for Ficus plants!

The Best Soil Type for Ficus Plants

• Soil vs. Soilless Mix for Ficus Plants: It can be easier to maintain Ficus trees in a soilless mix, as compost is often contaminated with pest eggs, fungus gnats, and unwanted guests. Coco coir is a great alternative, boasting antifungal properties that help prevent root rot and being completely inert, which means pests cannot survive in it, helping your Ficus tree to thrive.

• Commercial Soil & Choosing a Well-Draining Ficus Mix: When using pre-mixed commercial soil, Ficus plants prefer well-draining soil to prevent root rot. Like many tropical plants, Ficus trees thrive in a chunky, airy soil. If you can't find a suitable pre-mixed soil, try our DIY soil mix recipes below.

DIY Soil Mix Recipes for Ficus Plants

• Basic Ficus DIY Soil Mix Recipe: Combine 1 litre of coco coir, 1 litre of compost, 1 litre of perlite, and 1 litre of orchid bark. Scale up as needed to fill your pot.

• Advanced Ficus DIY Soil Mix Recipe: Our favourite mix includes 4 litres of coco coir, 4 litres of perlite, 4 litres of orchid bark, 2 litres of sand, and 1 litre of worm castings. You can also add 1 litre each of activated charcoal, and unscented zeolite.

• Sourcing Ficus Soil Mix Ingredients: If you can't find these ingredients locally or if you are the online shopping type, you can buy the soil mix components online here: Small Coco Coir Pack — Bulk Coco Coir Pack, Orchid Bark, Pumice, Horticultural Sand, Horticultural Grit, Worm Castings, Perlite, Lecca Balls, Activated Charcoal, Zeolite

Essential Ficus Soil Properties

• Rich in Organic Matter: A soil mix rich in organic matter provides necessary nutrients for your Ficus plant. Adding worm castings to your potting mix offers a natural source of organic matter. Alternatively, add compost or use a plant food like Ionic Formulex weekly to supplement vital nutrients that your Ficus tree would have used from the soil.

• Neutral pH: Aim for a soil pH between 6.0 and 6.5 for Ficus trees. The ingredients in our soil recipes should give you a neutral pH. If buying pre-mixed soil, check the bag for the pH reading.

Preparing to Pot Up Your Ficus Plants

• Inspect the Root Ball: Check your Ficus tree's root ball. If there are no visible roots around the edge, it probably doesn't need repotting. Soggy and brown roots indicate root rot; trim the mushy roots and consider a smaller pot to prevent further damage.

• Choose the Right Size Pot For Ficus Trees: Select a pot with drainage holes to prevent water from sitting at the bottom and causing root rot. Pick a pot no more than 1 inch (2.54 cm) larger than the current root ball.

• Prepare the Ficus Soil Mix: Combine your DIY soil mix in a bucket or large container. If using a commercially purchased substrate, open your soil bag to prepare for potting your Ficus tree.

Ficus Plant Potting Process

1. Prepare the Pot: Place a small handful of soil at the bottom of the pot.

2. Prepare the Ficus Plant: Gently remove the Ficus plant from its current pot, being careful not to damage the root ball. Place the Ficus in the new pot on top of the small handful of soil.

3. Fill Around the Roots: Add more soil mix around the Ficus plant's roots, leaving at least 1 inch (2.54 cm) of free space at the top. Press the soil down gently to eliminate air pockets, but avoid compacting it too much, as this can prevent the roots from establishing.

4. Water: Thoroughly water the Ficus tree, allowing excess water to drain out of the pot's holes. Let the water drain fully for 10 minutes before disposing of any excess water. If your pot doesn't drain well enough, consider drilling extra holes in it using a size 4-6 wood drill bit.

Ficus lyrata Fiddle Leaf Fig Tree Rootball

Ficus Elastica 'Camouflage'

Ficus Elastica 'Belize'

Fertilizer For Ficus Plants & How Often To Feed Them

Most houseplants need regular care, and Ficus plants are no different. Without proper attention, their growth may slow down or even stop. Providing the right nutrients is essential to ensure your Ficus plant remains healthy, with vibrant colours and strong leaves. Think of plant food as a vitamin boost, supplementing their usual watering routine. Here are some effective options for fertilizing your Ficus:

Balanced Liquid Fertilizer for Ficus Plants

A balanced, water-soluble fertilizer with equal ratios of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, such as 20-20-20 or 10-10-10, is ideal for Ficus plants. This provides a well-rounded mix of nutrients to support overall plant health. We have had great experience using Formulex Fertilizer for both young and mature Ficus plants.

Slow-Release Fertilizer for Ficus Plants

For a low-maintenance option, consider a slow-release granular plant fertilizer. Mix the granules into the soil, and they will gradually release nutrients, allowing the plant to absorb them over time.

Ficus lyrata Fiddle Leaf Fig Tree

Organic Fertilizer for Ficus Plants

Organic options, like seaweed extract or biochar, are also beneficial for Ficus plants. These fertilizers are gentler than synthetic additives, while still providing essential micronutrients and macronutrients for healthy growth.

Biofertilizers for Ficus Plants

Biofertilizers containing microorganisms such as seaweed can boost soil fertility and promote plant growth. These natural solutions are particularly useful during stressful periods like repotting or relocating plants. However, they should be used in conjunction with other fertilizers for a complete nutrient profile.

Feeding Schedule for Ficus Plants

• Spring and Summer: During the active growth season, feed Ficus plants every 4–6 weeks with a balanced, water-soluble fertilizer. This promotes vigorous new growth.

• Autumn and Winter: In colder months, Ficus plants require less food. Reduce feeding to every 8–10 weeks, dilute the fertilizer by 50%, or pause feeding altogether to maintain balance.

By adhering to these Ficus feeding guidelines, you can keep your Ficus plant healthy and vibrant throughout the year, safe in the knowledge that you have mastered the art of fertilizing your Ficus tree.

Ficus 'Benjamina' Variegated Weeping Fig

Ficus Elastica 'Tineke'

How To Prune Ficus Trees

Pruning is an essential aspect of Ficus plant care that promotes healthy growth, prevents disease, and keeps your plant looking its best. Here’s a detailed guide on how to prune your Ficus effectively:

Why Prune a Ficus Tree

Pruning helps maintain the shape and size of your Ficus, encouraging robust growth. It also removes dead, yellowing, or damaged leaves, which can help prevent disease and pest infestations. Regular pruning keeps your Ficus looking lush and attractive.

Ficus Plant Has No Leaves on Stem

If your Ficus has too much stem with no leaves, it may be time for a hard prune to encourage it to bush out and grow more densely. Cutting the plant back to the base allows it to start anew, promoting leaf growth on the stem and preventing long, leafless canes. This common issue can be resolved by pruning back to the base. Place the cut stems in water to propagate them, and eventually add them back into the pot for denser foliage.

When to Prune a Ficus Tree

Prune your Ficus throughout the year as needed, but the best time for substantial pruning is during the spring and summer growing seasons. This is when the plant is most active and can recover quickly from pruning. If pruning in winter is unavoidable, ensure the plant is kept in a warm, well-lit area.

Ficus Plants Latex Sap

Ficus plants produce a milky white sap known as latex, which helps seal wounds and deter herbivores. This sap can cause skin irritation in humans, leading to redness and itching, so it's important to wash hands after handling the plant and avoid contact with the face. The sap is also toxic to pets if ingested, causing gastrointestinal issues. Wearing gloves when pruning and cleaning tools thoroughly can help minimize risks.

How to Prune Your Ficus Tree

• Pruning Tools: Use clean, sharp pruning shears. Disinfect your shears before and after use with rubbing alcohol or a diluted bleach solution to prevent the spread of disease. Wipe the blades in-between each cut to prevent the spread of bacteria, fungus, and disease.

• Identify Dead or Yellowing Leaves: Look for leaves that are yellowing, browning, or damaged. Remove these to keep the plant healthy and improve its appearance, directing the Ficus plant's energy to new growth.

• Cut Close to the Base: When removing a Ficus leaf, make the cut close to the base of the stem to avoid unsightly stubs. Clean your pruning shears between each cut to prevent the spread of disease, bacteria, and fungus.

• Trim Leggy Growth: If your Ficus has become leggy with long stems and sparse leaves, trim back the stems to encourage bushier growth. Cut just above where the leaf joins the stem.

• Shape the Plant: Pruning Ficus trees is crucial to maintain the desired shape and size of your plant. If your Ficus plant has grown too large for your space, selectively remove larger leaves or stems to keep it compact, and to encourage the plant to bush out and create side branches.

Ficus Pruning Aftercare

After pruning, provide your Ficus with optimal care to help it recover:

• Watering: Water thoroughly after pruning to encourage new growth.

• Lighting: Ensure your Ficus is in a spot with bright, indirect light.

• Feeding: Consider feeding with a balanced, water-soluble fertilizer to give it a boost after pruning.

Common Ficus Pruning Mistakes to Avoid

• Over-Pruning Ficus Trees: Avoid cutting back more than one-third of the plant’s foliage at once. This can stress the plant and cause long-term stunted growth. In extreme cases, this could cause the Ficus tree to go into shock, and in the worst cases, the Ficus could die.

• Leaving Stubs: Make clean cuts close to the base to avoid long stubs.

• Neglecting to Disinfect Pruning Shears: Always disinfect your pruning tools to prevent the spread of pathogens. Wipe blades between each cut to help prevent the spread of disease, bacteria, and fungus.

Ficus Elastica 'Belize'

Ficus Elastica 'Tineke'

Propagating Ficus Trees

Ficus plants are usually propagated via division or stem cuttings. These methods might seem a bit intimidating at first, but they’re reliable ways to propagate your Ficus with high success rates.

Propagating Ficus Plants via Division

This is the method for propagating Ficus plants where there are several plants in one pot. This is often used to separate plants when they have become too big for their pot, or when the Ficus plant has produced pups. It involves dividing the plant's root clump to create new plants. Be careful not to snap stems, as this can cause the stem to die off. Ensure you have at least one actively growing stem per new root ball.

Ficus Division Propagation Method:

• Prepare Your Tools: Gather a clean, sharp knife or set of pruning shears, and a few small pots with well-draining soil prepared.

• Remove the Plant: Gently remove the Ficus trees from their pot. Be careful not to damage the roots as you remove them.

• Divide the Plant: Look for natural divisions in the root clump. Using your knife or shears, carefully separate these sections, ensuring each division has at least one stem, several leaves and a good root system.

• Pot the Divisions: Plant each division in a small pot filled with well-draining soil. Water the newly potted plants thoroughly using dechlorinator to remove chlorine and chloramine.

• Care for the New Plants: Place the new pots in a location with bright, indirect light suitable for Ficus plants. Keep the soil moist but not waterlogged until the plants are well-established.

Propagating Ficus Plants via Stem Cuttings

Stem cuttings can be used to propagate Ficus plants, although this method requires more patience. The benefit is that the mother plant grows back bushier and denser with more side branches. This is a great way to make your mother plant look more full whilst getting some new young plants to put back into the mother's pot, eventually creating a more dense Ficus plant overall.

Ficus Stem Propagation Method:

• Prepare Your Tools: Gather a clean, sharp knife or set of plant pruning shears, and a few small pots with well draining soil preprepared.

• Select a Healthy Stem: Choose a healthy stem with at least two to three leaves. The more leaves your cutting has, the quicker it will establish.

• Cut the Stem: Using a clean, sharp knife or pruners, cut the stem just below a node (the point where a leaf joins the stem).

• Prepare the Cutting: Remove the lower leaves from the cutting, leaving at least one or two leaves at the top.

• Optional Rooting Hormone: Dip the cut end of the stem in rooting hormone to encourage root development.

• Plant the Cutting: Place the stem cutting in a pot filled with well-draining Ficus soil. Alternatively, you can place the cutting in water until roots develop, then transfer it to soil once the main roots have started to produce secondary side roots.

• Provide the Right Conditions: Keep the cutting in bright, indirect light and maintain high humidity. Covering the pot with a clear plastic bag can help create a humid environment.

• Watering: Keep the soil moist but not waterlogged. If rooting in water, change half of the water every week, never changing all of it. The water contains a natural rooting hormone. If you empty it all out, the Ficus cutting has to produce more, which slows down root growth.

• Transplanting: Once roots have developed, transplant the cutting to a larger pot with a well-draining Ficus soil mix.

Tips for Successful Ficus Propagation

• Clean Tools: Always use clean, sharp pruning tools to prevent disease and ensure clean cuts. Best practise is to clean the blades in-between each individual cut, and disinfect before and after use.

• Humidity: High humidity levels aid in the rooting process. Consider using a humidity tray or misting the cuttings regularly.

• Patience: Be patient and allow time for the roots to develop. Some cuttings may take longer to root than others. If you want your cuttings to establish faster, leave more leaves on each cutting to aid quicker growth.

Ficus 'Ginseng' Bonsai Tree

Ficus 'Brown Turkey' — With Edible Fruit

Ficus Tree Pests & Problems

As plant keepers, we sometimes have to deal with unwanted guests and common houseplant problems, no matter how good our Ficus tree care routine is. The key is allowing your Ficus plant to thrive despite these common challenges. Here’s how to tackle pests and common issues that may affect your Ficus tree.

Common Pest Species For Ficus Plants

• Spider Mites: These pests can spin webs at the bottom of stems and leaves, sucking the life out of your plant until it dies. Spider Mites have a 2-4 week life cycle and can often be spotted by finding delicate webs in the lower parts of your Ficus plant.

• Aphids: These nasty home invaders frequently come in from gardens or through windows. They can be tricky to get rid of due to their 30-day life cycle. Aphid eggs are laid within the plant's structure, making them very hard to see. Continue pest treatments for several life cycles using a systemic pesticide for a 4-week treatment window.

• Mealy Bugs: These pests are one of the hardest bugs to eradicate, so it's always a sad day if you find them on your Ficus tree. They hide in leaf joints and look like tiny fluffy white bugs. Changing your Ficus plant's substrate can help if you have a bad infestation. The life cycle is 4–7 weeks, requiring vigilance and regular treatment.

• Scale Insects: These hard-shelled pests can be difficult to manage. Gently scrape them off with a soft brush and spray the Ficus plant with a DIY pesticide recipe.

DIY Pesticide vs Shop-Bought Pesticide for Ficus Plants

• Natural Leaf Wipe: Wipe Ficus leaves with undiluted pure neem oil to give them a gentle shine while deterring pests. This works well as a preventative measure.

• Instant Death: Spot dab pests with a cotton swab dipped in rubbing alcohol to finish them off instantly. Pick off remaining pests and submerge them in alcohol.

• Natural Homemade DIY Pesticide: An insecticidal soap-based approach is gentle on your Ficus plant. Mix 1 teaspoon of neem oil with 1/2 teaspoon of insecticidal soap and 1 litre of water. Apply with a spray bottle, ensuring the entire plant is covered. Re-apply every few days until all signs of pests are gone. Apply as a preventative every 7 days for at least 5 weeks to cover the entire life cycle of the most common Ficus tree pests.

• Natural Premixed Pesticide: Premixed neem and soap treatments like SB Plant Invigorator can be used. Follow the directions on the bottle and avoid reapplying too frequently as it could burn the leaves.

• Chemical Pesticide: A systemic pesticide provides a 4-week treatment window. We recommend Acetamiprid concentrate. This pest treatment can cause distortion in new growth, which can be fixed by trimming the Ficus plant back to the last healthy point.

Common Problems: Diagnosing and Fixing Ficus Plant Woes

• Ficus Has Yellowing Leaves: Yellow leaves are often caused by overwatering. If the soil is soggy, let it dry out and reduce watering frequency. Ensure your Ficus plant's pot has good drainage and use a moisture tester to help manage watering. Consider changing your soil to a well draining mix.

• Ficus Has Brown Leaf Tips: Browning leaves are typically caused by low humidity levels or under-watering. Monitor humidity levels and increase local humidity as needed. Mist leaves cautiously, doing so at night, ensuring the leaves are fully dry before light exposure to prevent fungal and bacterial issues.

• Ficus Tree Leggy Growth: If your Ficus plant looks too tall and sparse, it may need more light. Move it to a brighter spot or add supplemental LED lighting. Check our Ficus lighting guide for more information.

• Ficus Plant Has Root Rot: Black and mushy roots indicate root rot from overwatering. Cut off the affected roots and repot the plant in fresh chunky soil which is well draining.

• Ficus Tree Is Losing Leaves or Ficus Lost All Leaves: Ficus plants may drop all their leaves for several reasons, including environmental stress, overwatering, lack of adequate water, changes in lighting, and pest infestations. Sudden changes in their environment, such as moving the plant to a new location or exposure to drafts, can shock the plant and cause leaf drop. Overwatering can lead to root rot, while under watering can cause dehydration—both scenarios stress the plant, leading to leaf loss. Insufficient light or sudden changes in light conditions can also cause leaves to fall. Additionally, pests like scale insects or spider mites can weaken the plant, resulting in leaf drop. Maintaining stable conditions and proper Ficus tree care can help prevent this issue.

• Ficus Leaking Sap: For larger cuts or wounds on the plant, consider using a tree wound sealant to protect the exposed area and reduce sap leakage. By addressing the underlying causes and providing proper care, you can minimize sap leakage and keep your Ficus healthy.

• Black or Brown Spots On Ficus Leaves: Black or brown fungal spots on Ficus plants are usually a sign of fungal infections, which can arise from overwatering, high humidity, or poor air circulation. These spots can indicate the presence of fungi like anthracnose or sooty mould, which thrive in moist environments. To combat fungal infections, ensure your Ficus has good airflow, avoid wetting the leaves when watering, and trim off any affected foliage. Applying a fungicide designed for houseplants can also help control the spread of the fungus and protect your plant.

• Ficus Has Powdery Mildew: Powdery mildew is a common fungal issue for Ficus plants, characterized by a white, powdery substance on the leaves and stems. This fungus thrives in warm, dry conditions with poor air circulation. To prevent and treat powdery mildew, ensure your Ficus is in a well-ventilated area, avoid overwatering, and keep the humidity levels moderate. If your plant is impacted, remove the infected leaves and apply a houseplant fungicide.

• Ficus Has Curling Leaves: Leaf curling on Ficus plants can be caused by various factors, including low humidity, pest infestations, or sudden changes in temperature. Low humidity can cause the leaves to lose moisture and curl inward, while pests like spider mites or aphids can damage the leaves, leading to curling.

• Ficus Stunted Growth: Stunted growth in Ficus plants can result from several factors, including inadequate light, poor soil quality, and nutrient deficiencies. Insufficient light can limit photosynthesis, while compacted or poor-draining soil can restrict root development. Lack of essential nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium can also hinder growth.

Ficus Elastica 'Audrey'

Ficus 'Lyrata' Fiddle Leaf Fig

11 Indoor Ficus Varieties

1. Ficus Audrey

   Ficus 'benghalensis'

   Colour: Green leaves with lighter veins

   Unique Features: Velvet-like leaves with a prominent vein structure

   Origin: India, as a cultivated variety

2. Ficus Abidjan

   Ficus 'elastica'

   Colour: Deep green leaves with a burgundy tint

   Unique Features: Large, glossy leaves with a rich, dark hue

   Origin: Cultivar, no specific native range

3. Ficus Belize

   Ficus 'elastica'

   Colour: Variegated leaves with pink, cream, and green hues

   Unique Features: Striking tri-colored variegation

   Origin: Cultivar, no specific native range

4. Ficus Camouflage

   Ficus 'benjamina'
   Colour: Variegated leaves with light green and cream patterns

   Unique Features: Distinctive camo-like variegation

   Origin: Cultivar, no specific native range

5. Ficus Tineke

   Ficus 'elastica'

   Colour: Variegated leaves with green, cream, and pink

   Unique Features: Unique variegation with a mix of green, cream, and pink hues

   Origin: Cultivar, no specific native range

• Weeping Fig

  Ficus 'benjamina'

  Colour: Green leaves

  Unique Features: Graceful, arching branches with shiny, pointed leaves

  Origin: South and Southeast Asia, Northern Australia

• Fiddle Leaf Fig

  Ficus 'lyrata'

  Colour: Dark green leaves

  Unique Features: Large, violin-shaped leaves

  Origin: Western Africa

• Rubber Plant

  Ficus 'elastica'

  Colour: Dark green leaves

  Unique Features: Thick, glossy leaves; can grow large indoors

  Origin: Northeast India, Southeast Asia

• Creeping Fig

  Ficus 'pumila'

  Colour: Small green leaves

  Unique Features: Climbing vine with small, heart-shaped leaves

  Origin: East Asia

• Sacred Fig

  Ficus 'religiosa'

  Colour: Green leaves

  Unique Features: Heart-shaped leaves with long, tapering tips

  Origin: Indian subcontinent, Indochina

Ficus 'Lyrata' Fiddle Leaf Fig

Ficus 'Lyrata' Fiddle Leaf Fig

10 Fun Facts About Ficus Trees

1. Diverse Species: The Ficus genus includes over 850 different species, ranging from small shrubs to towering trees. Some Ficus plants produce edible fruit known as figs. Figs have been used in cooking for centuries, both fresh and dried, and are still popular in various dishes today.

2. Sacred Plant: The Sacred Fig (Ficus religiosa) is revered in many cultures, particularly in Buddhism and Hinduism, as it is believed that Buddha attained enlightenment under a Sacred Fig tree. Figs hold significant symbolic value in many other religions, including Christianity, Islam, and Judaism. They represent fertility, peace, and prosperity. The fig tree is mentioned several times in the Bible, including the story of Adam and Eve, where they used fig leaves to cover themselves.

3. Air Purifiers: Many Ficus plants, such as the Weeping Fig (Ficus benjamina) and Rubber Plant (Ficus elastica), have been found by NASA's clean air study to be excellent at purifying indoor air by removing toxins like formaldehyde and benzene.

4. Strangler Figs: Some Ficus species, like the Strangler Fig, start their life as epiphytes (plants that grow on other plants) and eventually envelop their host tree, sometimes leading to the host's demise.

5. Banyan Trees: The Indian Banyan (Ficus benghalensis) is known for its expansive canopy and aerial roots that grow downwards to form new trunks, creating massive tree complexes.

6. Fig Wasps: Ficus plants have a unique symbiotic relationship with fig wasps, which are essential for their pollination. Each Ficus species typically has its own specific fig wasp.

7. Latex Production: The sap of Ficus plants contains latex, which has been historically used to produce rubber. This latex is sticky and can cause skin irritation in humans, leading to redness and itching upon contact. While beneficial to the plant's health, it's advisable to handle Ficus plants with care, wearing gloves and washing hands thoroughly after contact to avoid any irritation.

8. Urban Tolerance: Many Ficus species are highly adaptable and can thrive in urban environments, making them popular choices for outdoor city landscaping in warmer climates. Notable cities where Ficus trees are prominently planted include Singapore, Los Angeles, Miami, Sydney, Tokyo, London, Curitiba, Toronto, Amsterdam, and Bangalore. These cities leverage Ficus trees to enhance public spaces, provide shade, and contribute to green urban environments.

9. Historical Use: In ancient times, Ficus wood was used to make shields by warriors due to its durability. Ficus carica, commonly known as the fig tree, was one of the first fruit trees to be cultivated, dating back over 5000 years. It was widely grown in the Mediterranean region and the Middle East. In Ancient Egypt, fig wood was used to make mummy caskets. Figs were a major food source in Ancient Greece and Rome. The Spartans, in particular, included figs in their public meals. Ancient Olympians were awarded figs for their athletic achievements. Some Ficus species have been used in herbalism for their medicinal properties.

10. Ficus Tree Meaning In Hindi: In Hindi, the word “ficus” typically refers to plants belonging to the Ficus genus, commonly known as “अंजीर” (Anjeer). This term includes a variety of Ficus species, such as the fig tree (Ficus carica), the banyan tree (Ficus benghalensis), and the peepal tree (Ficus religiosa). Each of these trees holds cultural and religious significance in India, with the peepal tree, in particular, being revered in Hinduism and Buddhism for its association with enlightenment and wisdom.

Ficus Elastica 'Tineke'

Ficus Elastica 'Audrey'

Overview Of Ficus Trees

Ficus trees not only look beautiful, but some varieties also produce edible figs, which have been a staple part of our diets for thousands of years. Ficus trees carry great symbolic significance, revered by many religions and cultures the world over for their delicious fruit and prosperity. Ficus are one of our favourite trees here at The Houseplant Shop, as I sit and type this, there are 6 ficus trees directly behind the desk! We can't recommend them enough as houseplants, they're not only beautiful, but when you nail the basic care needs, they're super easy to look after too.

Whilst Ficus plants are easy to care for, they do come with a few common problems. When Ficus trees are given proper care, they thrive and create stunning indoor displays that can last for many years to come.

Ficus trees come in a wide variety of leaf sizes, shapes, and colours. There are beautiful variegated varieties with lots of bright white, ranging all the way down to almost black gothic houseplants. With a variety to suit every interior design, they'll soon become a staple in your home. They're a little like eating chips — one is never enough!

Ficus elastica Tineke

Edited & Fact Checked By: The Houseplant Shop

Article Published: 26th November 2024

About The Houseplant Shop:

Independent Houseplant Nursery
Horticultural Specialists
Managing Over 250 Houseplant Species Onsite
Over 15 Years Of Experience With Horticulture

As head of horticulture, Sarah manages the care and propagation of over 250 plant species at a commercial houseplant nursery. With over 15 years of experience in horticulture, specializing in houseplants, Sarah has extensive expertise in plant biology, soil science, and integrated pest management. She continually reviews and integrates the latest research into her plant care guides. Dedicated to educating others, Sarah has spent years diagnosing houseplant care issues and sharing her real-world experience. Her commitment to scientific accuracy and helping people diagnose plant health issues has established her as a trusted authority and expert in the field.

The Houseplant Shop is a dedicated houseplant nursery, growing all of their own stock from their botanical library of over 250 houseplant species. The nursery staff are horticultural experts who have dedicated their lives to cultivating and nurturing over 250 different species of houseplants, focusing on Aroids, tropical plants, and NOID collectables. All their plants are grown in house in Britain to be more environmentally friendly. The nursery is proud to have been featured by the Royal Horticultural Society (RHS) as a 100% peat free nursery.

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How We Reviewed This Article:

Our horticultural experts continually monitor the houseplant space, and we update our articles when new information becomes available. We are committed to providing current and reliable information. If you have some information that you think would be helpful in this article, we'd love to hear from you. Our team works hard to revise articles for factual accuracy, and we regularly update our pages with new information, techniques, tips, images, trade secrets, and real world experience from the team here at the houseplant nursery. You can find a list of the article updates below.

Written By: Sarah Brooks, Head of Horticulture

Article Received: 20th November 2024

Copyright: The Houseplant Shop (https://thehouseplant.shop)
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List of Article Updates:

19th December 2024: Added new images
20th December 2024: Minor UI updates

Author Bio:

Author: Sarah Brooks,
Head of Horticulture at The Houseplant Shop